Table 1. Probability of BCVI in the presence of risk factors reported by Biffl et al. (12).

Factors	Risk (%)
VAI risk factors (cervical spine fracture)
No fracture	3
Cervical spine fracture	33
CAI risk factors (Glasgow coma scale <6, petrous bone fracture, diffuse axonal injury and LeFort II/III fracture)
No risk factors	20
1 risk factor	33–48
2 risk factors	56–74
3 risk factors	80–88
4 risk factors	93