Table 2. Post hoc comparisons for relevant groups (P values shown).

Effect	Groups compared	Max force	Stiffness	Energy
Toggling in high density w/o cortex	hd/nc/nt-hd/nc/wt	0.023*	0.051	0.172
Cortex on pullout in high density w/o toggle	hd/nc/nt-hd/wc/nt	<0.001*	0.124	<0.001*
Toggling in high density w/cortex	hdwcnt-hd/wc/wt	0.154	0.850	0.181
Cortex on pullout in high density with toggle	hd/nc/wt-hd/wc/wt	<0.001*	0.005*	<0.001*
Toggling in low density w/o cortex	ld/nc/nt-ld/nc/wt	0.013*	0.648	<0.001*
Cortex on pullout in low density w/o toggle	ld/nc/nt-ld/wc/nt	<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*
Toggling in low density w/cortex	ld/wc/nt-ld/wc/wt	0.462	0.634	0.218
Cortex on pullout in low density with toggle	ld/nc/wt-ld/wc/wt	<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*
Density on pullout w/o cortex w/o toggle	hd/nc/nt-ld/nc/nt	<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*
Density on pullout w/o cortex w toggle	hd/nc/wt-ld/nc/wt	<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*
Density on pullout w cortex w/o toggle	hd/wc/nt-ld/wc/nt	<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*
Density on pullout w cortex w toggle	hd/wc/wt-ld/wc/wt	<0.001*	<0.001*	<0.001*

*, significant factors noted in bold (P<0.05). hd, high density cancellous foam; ld, low density cancellous foam; wc, with cortex present; nc, no cortex (hubbed); nt, non-toggled samples; wt, samples that were toggled.