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. 2017 Jul 12;5:74. doi: 10.1186/s40168-017-0291-5

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 5 — Effect of experimental infection with Escherichia coli (0 h) and intramammary treatment with ceftiofur hydrochloride (48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h) on Shannon diversity index. Effect of challenge and treatment (a, N = 24 quarters), effect of intramammary challenge with Escherichia coli (b, N = 24) and stratified analysis assessing the effect of intramammary treatment with ceftiofur hydrochloride in challenged (c, N = 8) and unchallenged quarters (d, N = 16). Asterisks represent differences after Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison correction and α = 0.05 between groups within the same time point. Black diamonds represent experimental infection with 100 CFU of E. coli, and grey circles represent intramammary treatment with ceftiofur