Table 4.

Adjusted changes in metabolic variables in study participants.

Variable	Complementary group 100 mg/day (Mean ± SD)	Complementary group 50 mg/day (Mean ± SD)	Placebo group (Mean ± SD)	P-valuea
FBS
Model 1b	−56.2 ± 3.01	−5.9 ± 2.9	5.6 ± 3.1	0.00
Model 2c	−56.2 ± 3.01	−5.4 ± 2.9	5.2 ± 3.1	0.00
Insulin
Model 1	−4.3 ± 0.2	−0.56 ± 0.2	−0.03 ± 0.2	0.01
Model 2	−4.3 ± 0.2	−0.59 ± 0.2	−0.01 ± 0.2	0.01
HOMA-IR
Model 1	0.003 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	0.00
Model 2	−0.003 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	0.00
HOMA-B
Model 1	2.03 ± 0.96	−0.2 ± 0.93	−1.01 ± 1.005	0.10
Model 2	2. 04 ± 0.95	−0.4 ± 0.9	−0.9 ± 1.008	0.10
QUICKI
Model 1	−0.05 ± 0.01	−0.004 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.01	0.06
Model 2	−0.06 ± 0.06	−0.003 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.01	0.05
HgA1c
Model 1	−1.88 ± 0.42	0.00 ± 0.46	−0.45 ± 2.6	0.02
Model 2	−1.81 ± 0.21	0.00 ± 0.46	−0.45 ± 2.6	0.02
TNF-α
Model 1	−1.40 ± 1.2	−0.17 ± 1.8	−0.05 ± 0.61	0.00
Model 2	−1.61 ± 2.4	−0.7 ± 2.3	0.08 ± 0.3	0.00
Adiponectin
Model 1	59.18 ± 31	17.63 ± 76	2.63 ± 9	0.00
Model 2	58.17 ± 49	16.41 ± 25	2.12 ± 8	0.00
hsCRP
Model 1	−1.49 ± 1.2	−0.17 ± 0.99	−0.03 ± 1.1	0.01
Model 2	−1.48 ± 1.1	−0.17 ± 0.89	−0.03 ± 1.3	0.01

All values are means ± standard errors. FBS = Fasting blood sugar; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance; HOMAB = homeostatic model assessment-Beta cell function; QUICKI = quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; TNF-α = Tumor necrosis factor; hsCRP = high sensitivity C reactive protein.

^aObtained from ANCOVA.

^bAdjusted for baseline values.

^cFurther adjusted for Model 1 + age.