Table 3.
Comparison of characteristics between infants who had multiple studies by late PH status
| Birth/early hospital characteristics | Infants with multiple studies and late PH n = 32 | Infants with multiple studies without late PH n = 224 | p - value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apgar 1 min. Mean ± SD |
3.0 ± 2.4 | 4.3 ± 2.5 | 0.01* |
| Apgar 5 min. Mean ± SD |
6.0 ± 2.3 | 6.5 ± 2.2 | 0.27 |
| Birthweight (kg) Mean ± SD |
0.68 ± 0.19 | 0.80 ± 0.24 | <0.01* |
| Gestational age (wks) Mean ± SD |
25.7 ± 2.3 | 25.9 ± 2.2 | 0.73 |
| Mode of Delivery – C/S (n, %) | 23, 72% | 145, 65% | 0.44 |
| Gender -- Male (n, %) | 16, 50% | 129, 58% | 0.42 |
| Intrauterine growth restriction (n, %)# | 7, 23% | 20, 9% | 0.03* |
| Placental abruption (n, %)# | 4, 13% | 24, 11% | 0.76 |
| Chorioamnionitis (n, %)# | 2, 6% | 22, 10% | 0.75 |
| Maternal betamethasone (n, %) | 16, 59% | 122, 63% | 0.72 |
| Multiples (n, %)# | 3, 9% | 46, 21% | 0.16 |
| Caffeine (n, %) | 20, 63% | 152, 68% | 0.55 |
| Any respiratory support, 28 days (n, %) | 17, 53% | 113, 51% | 0.81 |
| Any respiratory support, 36 weeks (n, %) | 21, 66% | 117, 52% | 0.35 |
| Death (n, %) | 12, 20% | 86, 17% | 0.56 |
| Day of life, death or discharge Mean ± SD |
113 ± 81 | 126 ± 74 | 0.61 |
| Race (n, %) | 0.52 | ||
| Black | 21, 66% | 132, 60% | |
| Other | 11, 34% | 89, 40% | |
| Atrial septal defects (n, %) | 9, 28% | 16, 7% | <0.001* |
| Bidirectional/right-to-left atrial shunt (n, %) | 12, 46% | 18, 12% | <0.001* |
| Patent Ductus Arteriosus (n, %) | |||
| Moderate/Large# | 4, 19% | 22, 14% | 0.51 |
| Bidirectional/R-to-L# | 4, 57% | 0, 0% | < 0.001* |
| Septal flattening (n, %) | 29, 97% | 79, 53% | <0.001* |
| Right ventricular dilation (n, %) | 20, 69% | 23, 11% | <0.001* |
| Right ventricular hypertrophy (n, %) | 20, 74% | 36, 17% | <0.001* |
| Right ventricular dysfunction (n, %) | 13, 42% | 11, 5% | <0.001* |
| Ventricular Septal Defect – Mod/Lgt# (n, %) | 1, 4% | 2, 1% | 0.35 |
| Left ventricular dysfunction (n, %)# | 3, 9% | 16, 7% | 0.67 |
For infants who had more than one study in the neonatal intensive care unit, clinical characteristics were compared between late PH groups. Two-sample t-tests or Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables, or Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables were used. *p < 0.05 for comparison groups. #Fisher’s Exact Test used