Table I.
Complications of elevated IL-6
| Authors | Biochemical factors | Complications |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular diseases: | ||
| Adar et al. [33] | IL-6, CRP, fibrinogen | Atherosclerosis and coagulation |
| Sarvottam and Yadav [34] | IL-6, adiponectin, endothelin-1 | Cardio-metabolic risks |
| Chen et al. [35] | Adiponectin, IL-6, CRP, oxidative stress | Metabolic syndrome |
| Danesh et al. [31] | IL-6, CRP | Coronary heart disease |
| Wannamethee et al. [28] | IL-6, CRP, FBG, TC, TG, HDL-c, fibrinogen, BP | Cardiovascular disease |
| Von Eynatten et al. [36] | IL-6, CRP, FBG, BP, adiponectin | Heart failure |
| Hansson [32] | IL-6 | Coronary artery disease |
| Fernandez-Real et al. [37] | IL-6, CRP, BP, TC, TG, FBG | Atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, blood pressure |
| Pradhan et al. [38] | IL-6, CRP | T2DM |
| Ridker et al. [39] | IL-6 | Myocardial infarction |
| Cancer diseases: | ||
| Taniguchi and Karin [40] | IL-6 | Colorectal and gastric cancers |
| Zhou et al. [41] | IL-6, CRP | Lung cancer |
| Sansone and Bromberg [30] | IL-6 | Metastatic progression |
| Ara and DeClerck [42] | IL-6 | Bone metastasis and cancer |
| Other diseases: | ||
| Matura et al. [43] | IL-6 | Pulmonary hypertension |
| Gluba et al. [44] | IL-6, TNF-α, leptin, TG, TC, BMI, WHR, BP, T2DM, MCP-1 | Chronic renal diseases |
| Arnardottir et al. [27] | IL-6, CRP | Obstructive sleep apnea |
| Fujishima et al. [45] | IL-6, IL-17F | Induction of IL-6 in keratinocytes causes inflammation in psoriasis |
| Gabay [46] | IL-6 | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| Di Cesare et al. [47] | IL-6 | Periprosthetic infection in patients undergoing a reoperation at the site of a total hip or knee arthroplasty |
| Arican et al. [48] | IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-γ | Active psoriatic patients have significantly higher levels of inflammatory mediators than controls |
| Musselman et al. [49] | IL-6 | Depression |
| Wirtz et al. [50] | IL-6, CRP | Inflammation after total knee and hip arthroplasties |
| Elder et al. [51] | IL-6 | IL-6 acts as an autocrine mitogen in psoriatic epidermis |
T2DM – type-2 diabetes mellitus, IL-6 – interleukin 6, CRP – C-reactive protein, TC – total cholesterol, TG – triglyceride, HDL-c – high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FBG – fasting blood glucose, BP – blood pressure, TNF-α – tumor necrosis factor α, BMI – body mass index, WHR – waist-to-hip ratio, MCP-1 – monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IFN-γ – interferon γ. Increases of all previous plasma factors except adiponectin and HDL-c induce complications.