Table 1.
Postnatal growth in full‐term SGA infants related to later neurocognitive outcomes
| WT gain | Timing of exposure | N SGA | Age at outcome | Summary result | Comments | Adjustment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomised controlled trials | ||||||
| Morley 2004M 20 |
B‐9 mo (Nutrient‐enriched formula) |
299 |
9 mo 18 mo |
– (9 mo) 0 (18 mo) |
At 9 mo, enriched formula group had lower developmental quotient than the standard formula group At 18 mo, no difference was seen in Bayley MDI or PDI scores |
Sex, age, maternal education, social class |
| Observational studies (n = 5) | ||||||
| Pylipow 2009M 27 |
B‐4 mo (WT gain) |
503 | 7 y |
− (inverted J‐shape) |
Both fast or slow WT gain to age 4 mo associated with lower WISC | Sex, race, SES |
| Jensen 2015M 25 |
B‐3 mo B‐17 y (HT gain, HC gain) |
47 | 17 y |
+ (B‐3 mo) ++ (B‐17 y) |
HT gain to age 3 mo showed a positive trend with IQ HT gain to age 17 y was positively associated with IQ |
Sex, age, parental SES, maternal age |
| Horta 2009M 24 |
B‐20 mo (WT gain) 20–42 mo (WT gain) |
1822 | 18 y |
++ (B‐20 mo) 0 (20–42 mo) |
WT gain to age 20 mo, but not between 20 and 42 mo, was positively associated with achieved schooling | Parental education, household assets, SES |
| Lundgren 2001M 26 |
B‐18 y (WT gain) |
6440 | 18 y | ++ | WT gain was positively associated with IP and PP | Birthweight and length |
| Strauss 2000M 23 |
B‐5 y (HC gain) |
1064 | 26 y | ++ | HC gain was positively associated with professional attainment and a positive trend with income | Sex, parental SES, neonatal distress |
Reports are ordered by study design and age at outcome assessment.
B, birth; MDI, mental developmental index; PDI, psychomotor developmental index; WT, weight; HT, height or length; IP, intellectual performance; PP, psychological performance; SES, socioeconomic status; WISC, Wechsler intelligence scale for children; HC, head circumference; y, years; mo, months.
Study quality: Low (L), 0–4 points in the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale; moderate (M), 5–7 points; high (H), 8–9 points.
++, statistically significant positive association; +, non‐significant positive trend; 0, no association; −, non‐significant inverse trend; −−, significant inverse association.