. 2017 Jul 5;4(4):105–131. doi: 10.1177/2049936117713593

Table 1.

Nanomedicines which are approved or under evaluation for the treatment of viral infections.

Name	Company	Description	Mechanism of action	Indication	Approval year/stage of development	Reference
Inflexal V®	Crucell, Berna Biotech	Virosomal (150 nm liposomes) vaccine	Mimicking native antigen presentation: Liposomes mimic the native virus structure, thus allowing for cellular entry and membrane fusion Retention of the natural presentation of antigens on liposomal surface provides for high immunogenicity.	Influenza	1997	Herzog et al.,¹⁰⁴ Mischler and Metcalfe,¹⁰⁵ Bachmann and Jennings¹⁰⁶
Epaxal®	Crucell, Berna Biotech	Inactivated virosomal (liposome) vaccine	Unique mechanism of action which mimics the natural process	HAV	1999	Bovier¹⁰⁷
PegIntron®	Merck	PEGylated interferon alfa-2b	Improved stability of protein through PEGylation	HCV	2001	Alconcel et al.¹⁰⁸
Pegasys®	Genentech	PEGylated interferon alfa-2b	Improved stability of protein through PEGylation	HBV, HCV	2002	Alconcel et al.¹⁰⁸
Influvac® Plus	Solvay Pharma/Abbott	Virosome vaccine	Containing influenza surface proteins neuraminidase and hemagglutinin	Influenza	2005	Waknine¹⁰⁹
Fluquit^TM (STP 702)	Sirnaomics Inc.	Short interfering RNA (SiRNA) therapeutic	Gene silencing	H5N1 and H1N1 influenza	Preclinical evaluation	Sirnaomics¹¹⁰
Cervisil® (STP 909)	Sirnaomics Inc.	Short interfering RNA (SiRNA) therapeutic	Gene silencing	HPV	Preclinical evaluation	Sirnaomics¹¹⁰
VivaGel® (SPL 7013)	Starpharma	Dendrimer	Lysine-based dendrimer with naphthalene disulfonic acid surface groups	HIV, HSV	Clinical trial (number: NCT00740584) (approved for used against bacterial vaginosis)	Starpharma¹¹¹
DermaVir	Genetic Immunity	Therapeutic vaccine	Synthetic plasmid DNA immunogen expressing 15 antigens, inducing significant expansions of the HIV-specific precursor/memory T cell pool.	HIV	Clinical trial (number NCT00270205	Rodriguez et al.¹¹²
Doravirine (MK-1439)	Merck	Solid drug nanoparticle formulation	Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor	HIV	Clinical trial (number: NCT02549040)	Molina et al.¹¹³
ARB-001467 TKM-HBV	Arbutus Biopharma	Wet lipid nanoparticle	Lipid particle containing three RNAi therapeutics that target three sites on the HBV genome	HBV	Clinical trial (number: NCT02631096)	Seto et al.¹¹⁴

HAV, hepatitis A virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HPV, human papillomavirus; HSV, herpes simplex virus.