Table 3.
Proposed indicators for tracking success in opportunity areas advancing vaccine and immunization efforts in the United States, 2015
| Opportunity Area | Existing Indicators | Baseline | Target |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Strengthen health information and surveillance systems to track, analyze, and visualize disease, immunization coverage, and safety data, both domestically and globally. | Percentage of office-based physicians electronically sharing patient information with any providers outside their organization (domestic) | 38% (2015)a | Increasing trend |
| Percentage of health care providers electronically sharing patient information with their state IIS (eg, meaningful use requirement) (domestic) | 73% of eligible hospitals in the United States reported vaccination to their local IIS (2014)b | Increasing trend | |
| Percentage of laboratory reports received electronically annually for notifiable conditions (domestic) | 67% (2014)c | 100% | |
| 2. Foster and facilitate efforts to strengthen confidence in vaccines and the immunization system to increase coverage rates across the lifespan. | Decrease the percentage of children in the United States who receive 0 doses of recommended vaccines by age 19 to 35 months (domestic) | 0.8% (2012)d | Target not set (informational) |
| Percentage of states reporting kindergarten coverage data based on census (domestic) | 58% (2014)d | Increasing trend | |
| Percentage of countries responding to the question on the top 3 reasons for vaccine hesitancy (indicator 1) in 2014 (global) | 73% (2014)e | Increasing trend | |
| Percentage of countries that have assessed the level of hesitancy in vaccination at the national or subnational level in the past 5 years (global) | 29% (2014)e | Increasing trend | |
| 3. Eliminate financial and systems barriers for providers and consumers to facilitate access to routinely recommended vaccines. | Percentage of surveyed primary care providers who stock vaccines routinely recommended for adults (domestic) | 20% internists and 31% family practices (2012)f | 60% |
| Percentage of states and territories that allow pharmacists to administer all routinely recommended vaccines for adults aged >19 without a patient-specific prescription (domestic) | 85% (2013)g | 100% | |
| Percentage of state Medicaid programs that provide coverage of all Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices/CDC-recommended vaccinations for adults and prohibit cost sharing (domestic) | 20% (2012)h | 100% | |
| Increase the percentage of adults who are vaccinated against zoster (shingles) (domestic) | 6.7% (2008)i | 30% | |
| Increase coverage with the recommended number of doses of human papillomavirus vaccine for females by age 13 through 15 (domestic) | 28.1% (2012)j | 80% | |
| Percentage of pregnant women who report receiving influenza immunization during pregnancy (domestic) | 52% (2013)k | Not defined | |
| Number of WHO regions achieving measles elimination by 2020 (global) | 0/5 WHO regions (2010)l | 6 WHO regions | |
| Dropout rates between the first and third dose of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) (global) | 18.6% member states with dropout rates ≥10% (2012)m | Decreasing trend | |
| Number of countries reaching vaccination coverage targets through routine services (global) | 129 countries vaccinated at least 90% of their children with DTP (2014)e | By 2020, reach coverage of 90% nationally and 80% in every district for all recommended vaccines in national programs | |
| 4. Strengthen the science base for the development and licensure of vaccines. | Licensure and launch of vaccine or vaccines against one or more major currently non–vaccine-preventable diseases (global) | Not applicable (2015)10 | Progress toward licensure/launch of one or more such vaccines by 2020 |
| 5. Facilitate vaccine development. | Licensure and launch of at least one platform delivery technology (global) | Not applicable (2015)10 | 1 or more vaccines by 2020 |
| Number of vaccines that either have been relicensed or have been licensed for use in a controlled-temperature chain at temperatures above the traditional 2°C-8°C range (global) | Not available10 | Increasing trend | |
| Immunization programs have sustainable access to predictable funding, high-quality supply, and innovative technologies: number of vaccine delivery technologies (devices and equipment) that have received WHO prequalification (global) | 284 products (2015)10 | Increasing trend |
Abbreviations: CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; IIS, immunization information system; WHO, World Health Organization.
aOffice of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. Health IT Dashboard: office-based physician health IT adoption. 2015. https://dashboard.healthit.gov/apps/physician-health-it-adoption.php. Accessed May 8, 2017.
bOffice of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. Health IT Dashboard: hospital selection of meaningful use public health measures: eligible hospitals reporting to the Medicare EHR incentive program for fiscal year 2014. https://dashboard.healthit.gov/quickstats/pages/FIG-Hospital-Selection-Public-Health-Measures.php. Published 2014. Accessed May 8, 2017.
cLamb E, Satre J, Pon S, et al. Update on progress in electronic reporting of laboratory results to public health agencies—United States, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(12):328-330.
dHill HA, Elam-Evans LD, Yankey D, Singleton JA, Kolasa M. National, state, and selected local area vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months—United States, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(33):889-896.
eWorld Health Organization. Global Vaccine Action Plan: Monitoring, Evaluation & Accountability Secretariat Annual Report 2015. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2015.
fHurley LP, Bridges CB, Harpaz R, et al. U.S. physicians’ perspective of adult vaccine delivery. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(3):161.
gAmerican Pharmacists Association, National Alliance of State Pharmacy Associations. Pharmacist administered vaccines: types of vaccines authorized to administer. 2013. http://www.pharmacist.com/sites/default/files/PharmacistIZAuthority.pdf. Accessed May 8, 2017.
hStewart AM, Lindley MC, Chang KHM, Cox MA. Vaccination benefits and cost-sharing policy for non-institutionalized adult Medicaid enrollees in the United States. Vaccine. 2014;32(5):618-623.
iLu PJ, Euler GL, Harpaz R. Herpes zoster vaccination among adults aged 60 years and older, in the U.S., 2008. Am J Prev Med. 2011;40(2):e1-e6.
jCurtis CR, Yankey D, Jeyarajah J, Dorell C, Stokley S. National and state vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13-17 years—United States, 2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013;62(34):685-693.
kDing H, Black CL, Ball S, et al. Influenza vaccination coverage among pregnant women—United States, 2013-14 influenza season. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014;63(37):816-821.
lWorld Health Organization. Annex 6: The Monitoring and Evaluation/Accountability Framework. Geneva, Switzerland; World Health Organization; 2012. http://www.who.int/immunization/global_vaccine_action_plan/GVAP_Annex6.pdf. Accessed May 8, 2017.
mWorld Health Organization. Global Vaccine Action Plan: Monitoring, Evaluation & Accountability Secretariat Annual Report 2013. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2013. http://www.who.int/immunization/global_vaccine_action_plan/GVAP_secretariat_report_2013.pdf. Accessed May 8, 2017.