Figure 1.

BRAF mutations in the context of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) molecular alterations. The approximate observed frequencies of common driver mutations in the MAPK pathway in lung cancer are shown on the left of the figure. BRAF valine at codon 600 (V600E) mutations leading to constitutive activation of BRAF are relatively rare, occurring in 1%–2% of lung cancers. For patients with activating BRAF mutations, direct inhibition of BRAF alone or in combination with downstream MEK inhibition is currently under clinical evaluation. Notable BRAF and MEK inhibitors under development are depicted on the right.

Abbreviations: BRAF, B‐Raf proto‐oncogene, serine/threonine kinase; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ERK, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; KRAS, KRAS proto‐oncogene, GTPase; MEK, mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase; MET, MET proto‐oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase; NRAS, NRAS proto‐oncogene, GTPase; ROS, ROS proto‐oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase.