Figure 1.

Production of pro-IL-1β and release of mature IL-1β from human monocytes in response to gram-positive and gram-negative pathogen-associated molecular patterns. A) THP-1 monocytes were treated with concentration responses (0.001 to 1 μg/ml) to LPS, Pam₃CSK4, and FSL-1 for 24 h, and IL-1β release was measured by ELISA. B) Intracellular levels of pro-IL-1β were measured by ELISA after 24 h stimulation with LPS (0.1 μg/ml) and Pam₃CSK4 (0.1 μg/ml). C, D) In addition, monocytes were treated with LPS (1 µg/ml) or Pam₃CSK4 (1 µg/ml) for 3 (C) or 24 h (D), after which medium was removed and cells were pulsed for 30 min with either ATP (5 mM) or fresh medium. IL-1β release was measured after 3 and 24 h. Data represent means ± sem of total of at least 9 replicates. *P ≤ 0.05 as assessed by 1-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test.