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ATP release and caspase-1 activity in human monocytes stimulated with TLR2 and TLR4 ligands. THP-1 monocytes were stimulated with LPS (0.1 μg/ml) and Pam3CSK4 (0.1 μg/ml). ATP release was assessed after 30 min (A) and caspase-1 activity after 24 h (B). Data represent means ± sem of 9 replicates. *P ≤ 0.05 as assessed by 1-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test.
