Table 1. Age-standardized characteristics of the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (1980-2010) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study(HPFS) (1986-2010) participants according to body mass index (person-years)*.
| Characteristics | Women (NHS) | Men (HPFS) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| 18.5-22.4 | 22.5-24.9 | 25.0-27.4 | 27.5-29.9 | ≥30 | 18.5-22.4 | 22.5-24.9 | 25.0-27.4 | 27.5-29.9 | ≥30 | |
| Participants, person-years | 352576 | 323576 | 228396 | 135304 | 173152 | 59433 | 161809 | 154675 | 73416 | 45684 |
| Age, year† | 57.6 (11.3) | 60.0 (10.8) | 61.3 (10.6) | 62.1 (10.4) | 61.2 (10.2) | 63.7 (12.1) | 63.4 (11.4) | 63.5 (10.9) | 63.4 (10.3) | 63.0 (9.9) |
| Family history of colorectal cancer, % | 12.5 | 12.9 | 13.1 | 13.2 | 13.4 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 12.5 |
| History of diabetes, % | 2.2 | 3.4 | 6.5 | 10.6 | 20.4 | 3.9 | 4.8 | 6.6 | 9.9 | 18.0 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.0 (1.0) | 23.7 (0.7) | 26.2 (0.7) | 28.7 (0.7) | 34.0 (3.8) | 21.5 (0.9) | 23.8 (0.7) | 26.1 (0.7) | 28.5 (0.7) | 32.9 (4.0) |
| Postmenopause, % | 73.7 | 77.1 | 78.6 | 79.5 | 78.6 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Current hormone therapy use, % | 32.1 | 30.2 | 27.1 | 24.9 | 20.3 | - | - | - | - | - |
| History of colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy, % | 36.7 | 38.0 | 37.6 | 38.0 | 36.9 | 51.7 | 52.5 | 51.5 | 51.2 | 51.2 |
| Current use of multivitamin, % | 52.7 | 51.2 | 50.4 | 49.4 | 47.6 | 50.8 | 48.3 | 45.4 | 43.2 | 42.0 |
| Regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs), % | 14.3 | 17.0 | 18.4 | 19.9 | 21.5 | 11.3 | 13.7 | 15.3 | 17.5 | 19.3 |
| Regular use of aspirin, % | 32.2 | 33.5 | 35.3 | 36.2 | 37.8 | 41.2 | 45.6 | 47.6 | 49.1 | 49.7 |
| Pack-years among ever smokers | 23.8 (20.5) | 23.7 (20.1) | 24.2 (20.2) | 24.0 (20.1) | 23.4 (20.5) | 23.6 (19.9) | 23.1 (18.7) | 24.9 (18.8) | 26.7 (19.6) | 28.1 (20.2) |
| Ever smokers, % | 58.1 | 56.7 | 55.4 | 53.9 | 51.9 | 50.1 | 54.8 | 59.1 | 60.1 | 61.6 |
| Total calorie, kcal/day | 1665 (442) | 1662 (435) | 1667 (441) | 1682 (447) | 1716 (460) | 2002 (544) | 1967 (544) | 1964 (561) | 1977 (571) | 2001 (586) |
| Alcohol intake, g/day | 7.5 (10.2) | 6.7 (9.6) | 5.6 (9.0) | 4.7 (8.3) | 3.4 (7.2) | 10.3 (13.4) | 11.2 (13.5) | 11.3 (14.1) | 11.2 (14.5) | 9.9 (14.3) |
| Physical activity, metabolic equivalent task score (METS)-hours/week | 19.9 (20.7) | 17.6 (17.8) | 15.5 (15.6) | 13.8 (14.7) | 11.5 (12.7) | 34.0 (33.3) | 32.8 (29.4) | 29.6 (28.4) | 26.7 (25.9) | 22.0 (23.5) |
| Red and processed meat, servings/week | 6.3 (3.6) | 6.5 (3.6) | 6.7 (3.6) | 6.9 (3.6) | 7.4 (3.9) | 5.5 (4.5) | 5.8 (4.2) | 6.6 (4.4) | 7.1 (4.5) | 7.8 (4.8) |
| Calcium, mg/day | 927 (367) | 926 (353) | 919 (347) | 914 (344) | 896 (340) | 948 (389) | 935 (378) | 918 (368) | 920 (366) | 927 (374) |
| Folate, μg/day | 427 (217) | 421 (212) | 416 (206) | 411 (217) | 405 (205) | 565 (265) | 551 (257) | 528 (250) | 512 (237) | 507 (243) |
| Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010‡ | 46.4 (10.1) | 46.4 (9.7) | 46.3 (9.4) | 46.1 (9.2) | 45.2 (9.3) | 49.7 (11.0) | 48.9 (10.2) | 47.6 (9.8) | 46.9 (9.5) | 46.2 (9.6) |
*
Updated information throughout follow-up was used to calculate the mean (standard deviation [SD]) for continuous variables and percentage for categorical variables.
†
All values other than age have been directly standardized to age distribution (in 5-year age group) of all the participants.
‡
Without alcohol intake.
AHEI, Alternate Healthy Eating Index; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study; METS, metabolic equivalent task score; NHS, Nurses' Health Study; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.