Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Probands and Healthy Comparison Subjects
| Healthy (N=58) | SZ (N=33) | BDP (N=45) | SZA (N=20) | Significance Test | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 48 | 69 | 36 | 45 | χ2(3)=12.69, p=.005 | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Age | 39.1 | 12.2 | 32.8 | 12.3 | 32.3 | 13.8 | 35.5 | 12.9 | F(3,152)=2.67, p=.049 |
| Trials accepted | |||||||||
| Prosaccades | 42.6 | 6.9 | 37.7 | 9.9 | 38.5 | 7.4 | 36.3 | 10.6 | F(3,153)=0.442, p=.72 |
| Antisaccades | 46.4 | 4.0 | 35.2 | 9.6 | 34.4 | 8.3 | 32.8 | 9.7 | F(3,153)=2.38, p=.07 |
| Percent Correct | |||||||||
| Prosaccades | 98.7 | 1.8 | 97.7 | 5.1 | 98.4 | 2.3 | 98.7 | 1.8 | F(3,153)=.847, p=.47 |
| Antisaccades | 90.3 | 8.0 | 80.3 | 19.2 | 83.0 | 12.6 | 79.8 | 16.5 | F(3,153)=5.73, p=.001 |
| Response Latency (ms)a | |||||||||
| Correct Prosaccades | 361.8 | 57.7 | 336.6 | 70.5 | 376.8 | 89.4 | 347.6 | 73.2 | F(3,153)=2.14, p=.10 |
| Correct Antisaccades | 399.5 | 78.0 | 390.2 | 89.6 | 428.0 | 78.7 | 392.2 | 74.2 | F(3,153)=1.86, p=.14 |
| Incorrect Antisaccades | 348.8 | 81.3 | 350.0 | 95.0 | 340.1 | 68.2 | 326.0 | 74.2 | F(3,153)=0.49, p=.69 |
| GAFb | 84.8 | 5.3 | 43.7 | 7.6 | 58.5 | 12.6 | 42.1 | 5.6 | F(2,95)=29.59, p<.001 |
| BACS | −0.09 | 1.09 | −1.50 | 1.31 | −0.72 | 1.17 | −1.55 | 1.21 | F(2,93)=13.28, p=9.8E-8 |
| PANSS-positive | – | – | 19.6 | 5.5 | 13 | 3.8 | 18.2 | 4.7 | F(2,94)=19.32, p<.001 |
| PANSS-negative | – | – | 20.1 | 6.3 | 13.9 | 4.2 | 16.9 | 7.2 | F(2,94)=10.43, p<.001 |
| PANSS-general | – | – | 37.3 | 7.1 | 32.3 | 7.8 | 36.1 | 8.3 | F(2,94)=3.33, p=.04 |
| MADRS | – | – | 10.2 | 8.1 | 12.9 | 8 | 17 | 7.8 | F(2,94)=4.44, p=.14 |
| Young Mania Scale | – | – | 8.3 | 6 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 8.7 | 5.3 | F(2,94)=1.72, p=.18 |
| Medication Class | |||||||||
| Antipsychotic first generation | 0% | 18.2% | 2.2% | 10.0% | χ2(2)=5.83, p=.05 | ||||
| Antipsychotic second generation | 0% | 66.7% | 64.4% | 65.0% | χ2(2)=0.04, p=.98 | ||||
| Mood stabilizer | 0% | 21.2% | 64.4% | 50.0% | χ2(2)=14.38, p=.001 | ||||
| Lithium | 0% | 0% | 22.2% | 10.0% | χ2(2)=8.87, p=.01 | ||||
| Antidepressant | 1.7% | 36.4% | 42.2% | 55.0% | χ2(2)=1.78, p=.41 | ||||
| Sedative/anxiolytic | 1.7% | 24.2% | 26.7% | 35.0% | χ2(2)=0.76, p=.69 | ||||
| Stimulant | 0% | 9.1% | 13.3% | 10.0% | χ2(2)=0.38, p=.83 | ||||
| Anticholinergic | 0% | 9.1% | 8.9% | 5.0% | χ2(2)=0.34, p=.85 | ||||
GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; PANSS, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale; MADRS, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; BACS, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia.
a
Only 40% of participants made any incorrect responses during prosaccade trials.
b
Healthy subjects were excluded from comparisons of clinical characteristics and medication status