Table 2.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Healthy Comparison Subjects and Probands as a Function of Biotype
| Healthy (N=58) | Biotype-1 (N=18) | Biotype-2 (N=27) | Biotype-3 (N=53) | Significance Test | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 48 | 22 | 48 | 58 | χ2(3)=7.09, p=.07 | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Age | 39.1 | 12.2 | 31.7 | 14.1 | 29.7 | 10.9 | 35.8 | 13.4 | F(3,152)=4.00, p=.009 |
| Trials accepted | |||||||||
| Prosaccades | 42.6 | 6.9 | 35.3 | 9.9 | 43.3 | 7.6 | 41.9 | 7.5 | F(3,153)=5.00, p=.002 |
| Antisaccades | 46.4 | 4.0 | 44.6 | 5.2 | 45.6 | 5.6 | 46.1 | 5.5 | F(3,153)=0.71, p=.55 |
| Percent Correct | |||||||||
| Prosaccades | 98.7 | 1.8 | 99.0 | 2.0 | 98.1 | 2.6 | 98.0 | 4.2 | F(3,153)=0.73, p=.54 |
| Antisaccades | 90.3 | 8.0 | 75.8 | 17.6 | 79.1 | 19.5 | 84.5 | 12.1 | F(3,153)=7.91, p<.001 |
| Response Latency (ms)a | |||||||||
| Correct Prosaccades | 361.8 | 57.7 | 347.1 | 84.4 | 344.7 | 72.0 | 367.2 | 85.4 | F(3,153)=0.75, p=.53 |
| Correct Antisaccades | 399.5 | 78.0 | 419.5 | 90.2 | 394.2 | 93.9 | 411.1 | 75.0 | F(3,153)=0.54, p=.66 |
| Incorrect Antisaccades | 348.8 | 81.3 | 301.3 | 61.0 | 335.6 | 81.2 | 355.4 | 79.5 | F(3,153)=2.09, p=.11 |
| GAFb | 84.8 | 5.3 | 44.1 | 8.2 | 48.6 | 11.6 | 53.4 | 13.7 | F(2,95)=4.20, p=.02 |
| BACS | −0.09 | 1.09 | −2.57 | 0.8 | −1.88 | 0.95 | −0.28 | 0.79 | F(2,93)=63.5, p=4.1E-18 |
| PANSS-positive | – | – | 17.9 | 7.5 | 15.8 | 4.8 | 15.9 | 5.2 | F(2,94)=0.90, p=.41 |
| PANSS-negative | – | – | 20.0 | 7.3 | 15.7 | 4.9 | 15.6 | 6.0 | F(2,94)=6.98, p=.01 |
| PANSS-general | – | – | 37.4 | 9.8 | 33.7 | 7.8 | 34.1 | 7.4 | F(2,94)=1.30, p=.28 |
| MADRS | – | – | 14.6 | 9.1 | 11.0 | 9.2 | 10.1 | 8.2 | F(2,94)=1.76, p=.18 |
| Young Mania Scale | – | – | 5.9 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 6.6 | 6.4 | F(2,94)=0.08, p=.93 |
| Medication Class | |||||||||
| Antipsychotic first generation | 0% | 11.1% | 11.1% | 7.6% | χ2(2)=0.37, p=.83 | ||||
| Antipsychotic second generation | 0% | 77.8% | 74.1% | 56.6% | χ2(2)=3.92, p=.14 | ||||
| Mood stabilizer | 0% | 55.6% | 44.4% | 45.3% | χ2(2)=0.66, p=.72 | ||||
| Lithium | 0% | 5.6% | 14.8% | 13.2% | χ2(2)=0.96, p=.62 | ||||
| Antidepressant | 1.7% | 38.9% | 37.0% | 47.2% | χ2(2)=0.89, p=.64 | ||||
| Sedative/anxiolytic | 1.7% | 22.2% | 25.9% | 30.2% | χ2(2)=0.48, p=.79 | ||||
| Stimulant | 0% | 5.6% | 7.4% | 15.1% | χ2(2)=1.77, p=.41 | ||||
| Anticholinergic | 0% | 11.1% | 7.4% | 7.6% | χ2(2)=0.26, p=.88 | ||||
GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; PANSS, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale; MADRS, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; BACS, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia.
a
Only 40% of participants made any incorrect responses during prosaccade trials.
b
Healthy subjects were excluded from comparisons of clinical characteristics and medication status.