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. 2017 Jul 5;20(1):136–148. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.039

Figure 5.

Figure 5

TMAO Partially Improves Glucose Tolerance on HFD through Increased Insulin Secretion

(A) Plasma glucose profile during IP-GTT.

(B) Cumulative glycemia (AUC).

(C) Plasma insulin profile during IP-GTT.

(D) Cumulative insulinemia (AUC).

(E) Weekly BW monitoring.

(F) Primary pancreatic islet insulin secretion.

Glycemia and insulinemia were determined following an injection of glucose (2 g/kg BW) in control or HFD-fed mice treated by TMAO or NaCl for 5 weeks (n = 5 per group). BW was monitored throughout the duration of the experiment. The effect of TMAO on insulin production was tested in pancreatic islets cells (n = 20 mice, 1,705 islets in total) in response to 2.8 or 16.7 mM glucose. $p < 0.05 for control diet (CD) NaCl versus HFD NaCl, ∗p < 0.05 for HFD NaCl versus HFD TMAO, †p < 0.05 for HFD TMAO versus CD NaCl. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001. Data are presented as means ± SEM.