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. 2017 Jul 12;7:5167. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05366-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) The surface potential landscape in association with diffusion of an adatom on surface (0001), revealing three local stabilized sites, the fcc site (F-site), the hcp site (H-site) and the tetrahedral site (T-site) in a fcc structure. (b) The variation of the energy difference between the fcc and hcp structures with the cluster size. ΔE _HCP−FCC/N represents the average energy difference between the fcc and hcp structures of a cluster on the surface. The blue dashed line indicates the energy difference corresponding to the stacking fault in hcp structure.