Table 1.

Summary of some association measures used to quantify gene regulations.

Abbre.	Method	Symbol	Description	References
Pearson	Pearson's	r	Linear, widely-used, no parameter, coeff. ∈ [−1, 1]	Pearson, 1895
Spearman	Spearman's	ρ	Monotonic, rank-based, no parameter, coeff. ∈ [−1, 1]	Spearman, 1904
Kendall	Kendall's	τ	Monotonic, rank-based, no parameter, coeff. ∈ [−1, 1]	Kendall, 1938
Hoeffding	Hoeffding's	D	Non-linear, rank-based, no parameter, coeff. ∈ [0, 1]	Hoeffding, 1948
Blomqvist	Blomqvist's	β	Monotonic, rank-based, no parameter, coeff. ∈ [−1, 1]	Blomqvist, 1950
Goodman	Goodman and Kruskal's	γ	Monotonic, cross classifications, rank-based, no parameter, coeff. ∈ [−1, 1]	Goodman and Kruskal, 1954
WWH	Wang, Waterman, Huang's	wwh	Monotonic, rank-based, no parameter, coeff. ∈ [0, +∞]	Wang et al., 2014
MI	Mutual information	I	Non-linear, entropy-based, no parameter, coeff. ∈ [0, +∞]	Shannon, 1948
MIC	Maximum information correlation	mic	Non-linear, entropy-based, 1 parameter, coeff. ∈ [0, 1]	Reshef et al., 2011
Wilks	Wilks'	W	Linear, covariance-based, no parameter, coeff. ∈ [0, 1]	Wilks, 1935
KCCA	Kernel canonical correlation analysis	kcca	Non-linear, covariance-based, 1 parameter, coeff. ∈ [0, 1]	Bach and Jordan, 2002
dCor	Distance correlation	dCor	Non-linear, covariance-based, 1 parameter, coeff. ∈ [0, 1]	Szekely and Rizzo, 2009
CMMD	copula-based maximum mean discrepancy	cmmd	Non-linear, copulas-based, 1 parameter, coeff. ∈ [0, 1]	Poczos et al., 2012
RDC	Randomized dependence coefficient	rdc	Non-linear, copulas-based, 2 parameters, coeff. ∈ [0, 1]	Lopez-Paz et al., 2013