Fig. 4.

Changes in cross-sectional area of the quadriceps muscle in the creatine and placebo group following 7 days of one-legged knee immobilization and 7 days of subsequent recovery. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures analysis of variance, with time as a within-subjects factor and treatment (creatine and placebo group) as between-subjects factors. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. Immobilization resulted in a significant decline in quadriceps cross-sectional area in both groups (asterisk), with no differences between groups. Quadriceps cross-sectional area increased during the recovery week (asterisk), with no differences between groups. CSA cross-sectional area