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. 2017 Jul 13;8:1217. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01217

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Copyright © 2017 de los Reyes, Romero-Campero, Ruiz, Romero and Valverde.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comparison of gene expression patterns in key biological processes in Chlamydomonas, Ostreococcus and Arabidopsis. Heatmaps are used to represent gene expression with genes sorted according to their expression profile similarity using hierarchical clustering as in Figure 5. (A) Cell cycle genes such as REPLICATION PROTEIN A (RPA) and ORIGIN RECOGNITION COMPLEX 1 (ORC1) exhibit a peak at Dusk and trough at Dawn in the three species. In Ostreococcus and Arabidopsis genes such as DNA POLYMERASE A4 (POLA4) and MINI CHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE 2 (MCM2) are expressed previously to those in Chlamydomonas, presenting broader peaks expanding from Day to Dusk with respect to the narrow peaks at Dusk observed in Chlamydomonas. (B) Photosystem components such as PHOTOSYSTEM I SUBUNIT D (PSAD) and PHOTOSYSTEM II SUBUNIT O (PSBO) follow similar expression patterns in the three species with peaks at Day and troughs at Night. Only small variations were detected in photosynthesis-involved genes such as the expression profiles of ATP CHLOROPLAST SYNTHASE 1 (ATPC1) and PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON TRANSFER C (PETC). These genes present a peak at Dawn and trough at Dusk in both algae, while in Arabidopsis, ATPC1 is delayed, peaking during the day and PETC anticipates dawn peaking at night. (C) Ribogenesis-involved genes present their peaks at Dawn and troughs at Day in the algae, such as PLASTID RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN L1 (PRPL1) and MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN L21 (MRPL21). Cytosolic ribogenesis is uncoupled from organella ribogenesis in Chlamydomonas with genes such as RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN L5, L21 (RPL5, RPL21), peaking at Dusk. This uncoupling is not evident in Ostreococcus and no apparent synchronization is observed between genes codifying for ribosome components in Arabidopsis. (D) Photoperiod/circadian central transcriptional regulators exhibit highly similar expression profiles in the three species. DOF, CCA1, and COL present the same expression pattern; peaking at Dawn with their troughs at Dusk. Some genes, such as OtPRR and TOC1, present very similar profiles (peaking at Dusk with their troughs at Dawn) in Ostreococcus and Arabidopsis, whereas in Chlamydomonas CrPRR follows a symmetric pattern peaking at Dawn and a trough at Dusk.