Table 1.
Demographic and Operative Characteristics of the Entire Cohort of the Study Participants With and Without Delirium
| Entire | Delirium (−) | Delirium (+) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| n = 99 | n = 52 | n = 47 | ||
| Age* | 65 ± 8.8 | 64 ± 9.0 | 66 ± 9.2 | 0.22 |
| Male (%) | 61 (61.6%) | 31 (59.6%) | 30 (63.9%) | 0.69 |
| Baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL × min1 × 1.73 m2)* | 69.1 ± 19.8 | 73.7 ± 16.1 | 68.7 ± 19.4 | 0.16 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%) | 11 (11.1%) | 6 (11.5%) | 5 (10.6%) | 1 |
| Hypertension (%) | 69 (69.7%) | 34 (65.4%) | 35 (74.5%) | 0.38 |
| Diabetes (%) | 26 (26.3%) | 9 (17.3%) | 17 (36.2%) | 0.041 |
| History of tobacco use (%) | 48 (48.5%) | 19 (36.5%) | 29 (61.7%) | 0.016 |
| Chronic heart failure (%) | 13 (13.1%) | 5 (9.6%) | 8 (17.0%) | 0.37 |
| Aspirin (%) | 68 (68.7%) | 35 (67.3%) | 33 (70.2%) | 0.83 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors-I (%) | 5 (5.1%) | 5 (9.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.06 |
| Angiotensin II receptor blocker (%) | 11 (11.1%) | 6 (11.5%) | 5 (10.6%) | 1 |
| Calcium channel blocker (%) | 23 (23.2%) | 7 (13.5%) | 16 (34.0%) | 0.018 |
| Beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (%) | 54 (54.5%) | 26 (50.0%) | 28 (59.6%) | 0.42 |
| Statin (%)† | 57 (57.6%) | 25 (48.1%) | 32 (68.1%) | 0.06 |
| Diuretics (%) | 32 (32.3%) | 14 (26.9%) | 18 (38.3%) | 0.28 |
| Antidepressant (%) | 18 (18.2%) | 7 (13.5%) | 11 (23.4%) | 0.3 |
| Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 7 (7.1%) | 1 (1.9%) | 6 (12.8%) | 0.051 |
| Prior cerebral vascular accident (%) | 5 (5.1%) | 4 (7.7%) | 1 (2.1%) | 0.37 |
| Prior TIA (%) | 2 (2.0%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (2.1%) | 1 |
| Surgical procedure | 0.1 | |||
| CABG (%) | 50 (50.5%) | 22 (42.3%) | 28 (59.6%) | |
| CABG + AVR (%) | 11 (11.1%) | 5 (9.6%) | 6 (12.8%) | |
| AVR/MVR (%) | 32 (32.3%) | 22 (42.3%) | 10 (21.2%) | |
| Aortic root (%) | 4 (4.1%) | 1 (1.9%) | 3 (6.4%) | |
| Others (%) | 2 (2.0%) | 2 (3.9%) | 0 | |
| Duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (min)* | 129 ± 64.2 | 119 ± 46.7 | 125 ± 46.9 | 0.59 |
| Total cross-clamp time (min)* | 81 ± 29.0 | 76 ± 29.8 | 85 ± 26.9 | 0.16 |
NOTE. The listed p values are for comparisons between patients with and without delirium.
Abbreviations: TIA, transient ischemic attack; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; AVR, aortic valve replacement; MVR, mitral valve replacement or repair.
*
Data are listed as mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables that were normally distributed.
†
Statin, HMG-CoA inhibitor.