Table 1. Non-randomised controlled trials examining the effects of continual ADT in men with prostate cancer on aBMD.
| Authors | N | Average age (years) | Change in aBMD |
|---|---|---|---|
| GnRH agonist only | |||
| 6 months | |||
| Diamond et al.45 | 18 | 78 | FN−6.5% WT−7.5% Troch−6.2% |
| Maillefert et al.21 | 12 | 70 | LS−3.0% FN−2.7% |
| Hamilton et al.44 | 26 | 71 | LS−1.7% FN−1.5% Hip−1.5% 1/3Rad +9.1% |
| 12 months | |||
| Maillefert et al.21 | 12 | 70 | LS−4.6% FN−3.9% |
| Berruti et al.15 | 35 | 75 | LS−2.3% FN−0.6% |
| Mittan et al.22 | 15 | 75 | Hip−3.3% DRad−5.3% MRad−2.7% 1/3Rad−1.6% LS−2.8% FN−2.3% |
| Bergstrom et al.14 | 10 | 73 | FN−3.2% |
| Smith et al.25 | 26 | 65 | LS−2.5% Hip−1.4% |
| Lee et al.20 | 65 | 66 | Hip−1.9% |
| Morote et al.23 | 31 | 70 | LS−4.8% FN−3.0% WT−5.6% Troch−3.6% Hip−3.8% |
| Hamilton et al.44 | 26 | 71 | LS−3.9% FN−3.0% Hip−2.6% 1/3Rad +9.2% |
| 18 months | |||
| Maillefert et al.21 | 12 | 70 | LS−6.6% FN−7.1% |
| Anti-androgen only | |||
| 12 months | |||
| Smith et al.25 | 25 | 63 | LS +2.5% Hip +1.1% |
| CAB | |||
| 9 months | |||
| Higano et al.19 | 17 | 69 | LS−4.5% Hip−2.5% |
| Galvão et al.17 | 69 | 74 | Hip−1.5% LS−3.9% WB−2.4% |
| Pharmacological (any modality) | |||
| 12 months | |||
| Daniell et al.16 | 16 | 72 | FN−3.4% |
| Greenspan et al.18 | 80 | 69–71 | Acute ADT: Hip−2.5% Troch−2.4% TRad−2.6% WB−3.3% LS−4.0% Chronic ADT: TRad−2.0% |
| 24 months | |||
| Daniell et al.16 | 16 | 72 | FN−6.5% |
| Preston et al.24 | 23 | 73 | FN−1.9% Hip −1.5% Troch−2.0% LS−0.2% DRad +9.4% |
| Orchiectomy only | |||
| 12 months | |||
| Daniell et al.16 | 10 | 77 | FN−2.4% |
| Bergstrom et al.14 | 12 | 79 | FN−4.5% |
| 24 months | |||
| Daniell et al.16 | 10 | 77 | FN−10.0% |
Abbreviations: 1/3Rad, one-third radius; aBMD, areal bone mineral density; ADT, androgen deprivation therapy; CAB, combined androgen blockade; DRad, distal radius; FN, femoral neck; GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone; Hip, total hip; LS, lumbar spine; MRad, mid radius; N, number; TRad, total radius; Troch, trochanter; WB, whole body; WT, Ward’s triangle.