Table 1.
Characteristics of HIV-infected patients with S. aureus, MRSA, and Candida colonization.
| Characteristic (mean ± SD) or n (%) | All (714) patients |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 38.2 ± 11.7 |
| Age >50 years | 107 (15.0) |
| Gender, male | 635 (91.5) |
| Transmission type | |
| Heterosexual | 193 (27.0) |
| IDU | 87 (12.2) |
| MSM | 419 (58.7) |
| Comorbidity | |
| Chronic kidney diseases | 2 (0.3) |
| Diabetic mellitus | 20 (2.8) |
| Hypertension | 27 (3.8) |
| Hospitalization within 1 year | 68 (9.5) |
| Incarceration within 6 months | 13 (1.8) |
| Period of HIV infection, years | 5.2 ± 4.0 |
| CD4, cells/mm3 | 472 ± 257 |
| CD4 count <200 | 93 (13.0) |
| CD4 count >500 | 293 (41.0) |
| HIV viral load, log (copies/mL)a | 2.3 ± 1.3 |
| HIV viral load <200 copies/mLa | 481 (67.5) |
| Medications within 6 months | |
| Antiretroviral therapy | 567 (79.4) |
| 3TC or 3TC/AZT | 550 (77.0) |
| Abacavir | 197 (27.6) |
| AZT or 3TC/AZT | 281 (39.4) |
| NNRTIb | 263 (36.8) |
| PIc | 308 (43.1) |
| Antibacterialsd | 65 (9.1) |
| Co-trimoxazole | 46 (6.4) |
| Cephalosporins | 13 (1.8) |
| Anti-tuberculosis regimense | 14 (2.0) |
| Antifungals | |
| Amphotericin B | 3 (0.4) |
| Fluconazole | 12 (1.7) |
aData for two patients were not available.
bNNRTIs: efavirenz or nevirapine.
cPIs: azatanavir/ritonavir, indinavir, or lopinavir/ritonavir.
dAntibacterial agents, i.e. clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and penicillin derivatives, each of which was used by fewer than five patients and which was not associated with colonization by either pathogen, were also included.
eOf 14 patients, 13, 3, 8, and 11 received ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, rifabutin/rifampin, respectively.
HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus; SD, standard deviation; 3TC, lamivudine; AZT, zidovudine; IDU, intravenous drug use; MSM, men having sex with men or bisexual.