Figure 4.

Statistically significant bacterial genera (A) and species (B) associated with COPD and periodontitis in periodontitis and non-periodontitis patients. The red circle represents significantly different bacterial abundance between COPD and non-COPD patients. The blue circle represents significantly different bacterial abundance between C+P+ and C−P+ groups. The green circle represents significantly different bacterial abundance between C+P− and C−P− groups. The gray circle represents significantly different bacterial abundance between C−P+ and C−P− groups. No overlapping area between blue and green circles was observed. The abundance cut-off was set at 0.1%. Some values <0.1% were not calculated or shown in the figure. ↑, increased; ↓, decreased.