TABLE 3.

Odds ratios for prostate cancer associated with individual-level and area-level socioeconomic factors by stage at diagnosis

	ORa (95% CI)	ORb (95% CI)	ORc (95% CI)
Localized
Educational level
Elementary education	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)
Some high school	0.60 (0.36–0.98)	0.54 (0.31–0.93)
High school graduate	0.70 (0.44–1.11)	0.70 (0.43–1.16)
Some college or technical school	0.39 (0.22–0.67)	0.41 (0.23–0.73)
College graduate	0.62 (0.38–1.02)	0.61 (0.35–1.05)
p for trend	0.03	0.06
Composite socioeconomic status (quartiles)
Low	1.00 (Referent)		1.00 (Referent)
Medium	0.87 (0.58–1.32)		0.88 (0.40–1.96)
High	0.72 (0.47–1.11)		0.80 (0.35–1.83)
Very high	0.48 (0.30–0.76)		0.51 (0.21–1.21)
p for trend	< 0.01		0.10
Advanced
Educational level
Elementary education	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)
Some high school	0.54 (0.24–1.21)	0.61 (0.26–1.42)
High school graduate	0.67 (0.33–1.34)	0.69 (0.32–1.45)
Some college or technical school	0.58 (0.27–1.25)	0.54 (0.24–1.26)
College graduate	0.77 (0.37–1.59)	0.74 (0.34–1.64)
p for trend	0.62	0.49
Composite socioeconomic status (quartiles)
Low	1.00 (Referent)		1.00 (Referent)
Medium	0.56 (0.28–1.10)		0.57 (0.24–1.36)
High	1.32 (0.72–2.40)		1.41 (0.63–3.17)
Very high	0.72 (0.37–1.39)		0.66 (0.26–1.65)
p for trend	0.84		0.74

OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.

^aAdjusted for race, age, geographic region, and prostate-specific antigen testing.

^bAdjusted for race, age, geographic region, composite socioeconomic status, and prostate-specific antigen testing.

^cAdjusted for race, age, geographic region, educational level, and prostate-specific antigen testing.