Table 1.
Characteristics of ICUs and patients before and after propensity score matching
| Before propensity score matching | After propensity score matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IVIgG(+) | IVIgG(–) | SD (%) | IVIgG(+) | IVIgG(–) | SD (%) | |
| n (%) | 960 (30.8) | 2158 (69.2) | 653 | 653 | ||
| ICU characteristics | ||||||
| ICU beds volume | 12 (10–19) | 12 (8–19) | 13.3 | 10 (8–16) | 12 (8–18) | 9.8 |
| ICU type | ||||||
| ER ICU | 464 (48.3) | 1077 (49.9) | 3.2 | 308 (47.2) | 308 (47.2) | 0.0 |
| General ICU | 496 (51.7) | 1081 (50.1) | 3.2 | 345 (52.8) | 345 (52.8) | 0.0 |
| Intensity of intensivists | ||||||
| Closed ICU model | 453 (47.2) | 1102 (51.1) | 7.8 | 329 (50.4) | 326 (49.9) | 1.0 |
| Open ICU model | 326 (34.0) | 752 (34.8) | 1.7 | 198 (30.3) | 208 (31.9) | 3.4 |
| Intensivist co-management model | 181 (18.9) | 304 (14.1) | 12.9 | 126 (19.3) | 119 (18.2) | 2.8 |
| Preference to DIC therapy (%) | ||||||
| Actively (radical) | 763 (79.5) | 1031 (47.8) | 69.8 | 468 (71.7) | 461 (70.6) | 2.4 |
| Not actively (conservative) | 23 (4.4) | 505 (23.4) | 57.1 | 23 (3.5) | 24 (3.7) | 1.1 |
| Neither (treat DIC occasionally) | 174 (18.1) | 622 (28.8) | 25.5 | 162 (24.8) | 168 (25.7) | 2.1 |
| Patient characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 70 (61–79) | 73 (63–81) | 16.5 | 72 (62–80) | 72 (62–80) | 1.6 |
| Gender (male) (%) | 563 (58.6) | 1307 (60.6) | 4.1 | 395 (60.5) | 394 (60.3) | 0.4 |
| Weight (kg) | 55.9 (47.2–65.0) | 54.0 (46.2–64.0) | 5.8 | 55.7 (47.0–65.0) | 54.0 (46.0–63.4) | 7.2 |
| Prior location (%) | ||||||
| Outpatient (ER) | 354 (36.9) | 1049 (48.6) | 23.8 | 272 (41.7) | 287 (44.0) | 4.6 |
| In-hospital (general ward) | 329 (34.3) | 588 (27.2) | 15.4 | 189 (28.9) | 184 (28.2) | 4.6 |
| Transferred from other hospital | 277 (28.9) | 521 (24.1) | 10.9 | 192 (29.4) | 182 (27.9) | 3.3 |
| SIRS score day1 | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 4.4 | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 1.1 |
| APACHEII | 24 (17–30) | 22 (16–28) | 18.3 | 23 (17–30) | 23 (17–29) | 5.4 |
| SOFA score day1 | ||||||
| Respiratory | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 11.6 | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 3.3 |
| Hematologic | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 24.4 | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0.8 |
| Hepatic | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 12.1 | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.0 |
| Cardiovascular | 3 (2–4) | 3 (1–4) | 29.6 | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–4) | 5.8 |
| Neurologic | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) | 9.9 | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) | 4.9 |
| Renal | 2 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) | 15.1 | 2 (0–3) | 2 (0–3) | 7.6 |
| Laboratory data day1 | ||||||
| White blood cell count (109/l) | 10.6 (3.3–17.9) | 11.5 (5.5–17.7) | 1.8 | 11.8 (3.8–18.8) | 11.4 (5.1–17.7) | 2.3 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 10.5 (8.9–12.2) | 10.7 (9.0–12.6) | 6.7 | 10.6 (9.0–12.3) | 10.6 (9.1–12.6) | 0.8 |
| Platelet count (109/l) | 107 (54–172) | 130 (72–203) | 21.1 | 118 (64–188) | 125 (66–194) | 1.6 |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| Liver | 52 (5.4) | 75 (3.5) | 9.2 | 25 (3.8) | 34 (5.2) | 6.8 |
| Respiratory | 38 (4.0) | 82 (3.8) | 1.0 | 29 (4.4) | 29 (4.4) | 0.0 |
| Cardiovascular | 65 (6.8) | 113 (5.2) | 6.7 | 40 (6.1) | 45 (6.9) | 3.2 |
| Renal | 82 (8.5) | 173 (8.0) | 1.8 | 50 (7.7) | 57 (8.7) | 3.6 |
| Immunocompromised | 174 (18.1) | 310 (14.4) | 10.0 | 107 (16.4) | 99 (15.2) | 3.3 |
| Pre-existing coagulopathy (%) | ||||||
| Cirrhosis/liver failure | 45 (4.7) | 75 (3.5) | 6.1 | 24 (3.7) | 28 (4.3) | 3.1 |
| Chemotherapy | 48 (5.0) | 94 (4.4) | 2.8 | 31 (4.7) | 35 (5.4) | 3.2 |
| Hematologic malignancy | 40 (4.2) | 58 (2.7) | 8.2 | 16 (2.5) | 24 (3.7) | 6.9 |
| Medication of warfarin | 31 (3.2) | 120 (5.6) | 11.7 | 29 (4.4) | 26 (4.0) | 2.0 |
| Others | 19 (2.0) | 36 (1.7) | 2.2 | 16 (2.5) | 14 (2.1) | 2.7 |
| Infection site (%) | ||||||
| Abdomen | 346 (36.0) | 674 (31.2) | 10.2 | 234 (35.8) | 222 (34.0) | 3.8 |
| Lung | 226 (23.5) | 571 (26.5) | 6.9 | 159 (24.3) | 162 (24.8) | 1.2 |
| Urinary tract | 133 (13.9) | 361 (16.7) | 7.8 | 98 (15.0) | 102 (15.6) | 1.7 |
| Musculoskeletal | 128 (13.3) | 238 (11.0) | 7.0 | 75 (11.5) | 75 (11.5) | 0.0 |
| Infectious endocarditis | 21 (2.2) | 47 (2.0) | 1.4 | 14 (2.1) | 12 (1.2) | 7.1 |
| Others | 14 (1.5) | 44 (2.0) | 3.8 | 13 (2.0) | 16 (2.5) | 3.4 |
| Central nerve system | 19 (2.0) | 42 (1.9) | 0.7 | 14 (2.1) | 14 (2.1) | 0.0 |
| CRBSI | 21 (2.2) | 23 (1.1) | 8.6 | 7 (1.1) | 9 (1.4) | 2.6 |
| Unknown | 52 (5.4) | 162 (7.5) | 8.5 | 39 (6.0) | 41 (6.3) | 1.3 |
| Blood culture (%) | ||||||
| Positive | 438 (45.6) | 931 (43.1) | 5.0 | 286 (43.8) | 282 (43.2) | 1.2 |
| Negative | 464 (48.3) | 1100 (51.0) | 5.4 | 324 (49.6) | 320 (49.0) | 1.2 |
| Not taken | 58 (6.0) | 127 (5.9) | 0.4 | 43 (6.6) | 51 (7.8) | 4.6 |
| Microorganism (%) | ||||||
| Gram-negative rod | 379 (39.5) | 753 (34.9) | 9.5 | 254 (38.9) | 240 (36.8) | 4.3 |
| Gram-positive cocci | 268 (27.9) | 458 (21.2) | 15.6 | 150 (23.0) | 165 (25.3) | 5.4 |
| Combined | 110 (11.5) | 287 (13.3) | 5.5 | 86 (13.2) | 81 (12.4) | 2.4 |
| Others | 13 (1.4) | 45 (2.1) | 5.3 | 10 (1.5) | 9 (1.4) | 0.8 |
| Fungus | 13 (1.4) | 42 (1.9) | 3.9 | 11 (1.7) | 8 (1.2) | 4.2 |
| Virus | 5 (0.5) | 23 (1.1) | 6.7 | 5 (0.8) | 4 (0.6) | 2.4 |
| Unknown | 172 (17.9) | 550 (25.5) | 18.5 | 137 (21.0) | 146 (22.4) | 3.4 |
| Surgical intervention/drainage (%) | 466 (48.5) | 848 (39.3) | 18.6 | 353 (54.1) | 351 (53.8) | 0.6 |
Values are shown as n (%) or median (interquartile range) as appropriate
APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, CRBSI catheter-related blood stream infection, DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation, ER emergency room, ICU intensive care unit, IVIgG intravenous immunoglobulin G, SD standardized difference, SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment