Table 3.
Factors associated with death of pneumonia in children within 2 weeks after hospital admission
| Characteristics at admission | Deceased (N = 13) | Alive (N = 392) | P | Crude hazard ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Streptococcus pneumoniae, PCR blood | 5/13 (38.5)* | 46/392 (11.7)* | 0.01 | 4.6 (1.5–14.0) |
| hPIV 2, nasal swab/aspirate | 1/13 (7.7) | 1/392 (0.3) | 0.06 | 23.6 (3.0–183.9) |
| Hypoxemia | 6/13 (46.1) | 64/392 (16.3) | 0.01 | 4.8 (1.6–14.4) |
| HIV positive | 1/10 (10.0) | 2/290 (0.7) | 0.10 | 9.6 (1.2–75.9) |
| Weight-for-height Z score, median (IQR) | −2.1 (−4.3, −0.6) | −1.1 (−2.3, −0.1) | 0.05 | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) |
| Weight-for-height Z score ≤ 3 SD | 4/11 (36.4) | 41/289 (14.2) | 0.06 | 2.8 (0.8–9.5) |
| Inability to drink | 5/13 (38.5) | 63/390 (16.1) | 0.05 | 2.7 (0.9–8.4) |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL, median (IQR) | 71.5 (8.3–111.5) | 1.6 (0.3–6.6) | < 0.001 | 1.11 (1.07–1.15)† |
| Procalcitonin ≥ 50 ng/mL | 8/13 (61.5) | 18/355 (5.1) | < 0.001 | 22.4 (7.3–68.5) |
| Oxygen saturation, %, median (IQR) | 91 (86–96) | 95 (92–97) | 0.04 | 2.1 (1.3–3.5)‡ |
CI = confidence interval; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; hPIV = human parainfluenza virus; IQR = interquartile range; SD = standard deviation.
*
Expressed as number/number with available data (%) unless specified otherwise.
†
Per 10 ng/mL increase.
‡
Per 10% decrease.