Table 2.
Parasite prevalence by different molecular markers after initiation of treatment with artemether–lumefantrine alone or in combination with primaquine
| Markers | Days since treatment | AL |
AL + 0.25 mg/kg PQ |
AL + 0.40 mg/kg PQ |
AL vs. AL + 0.25 mg/kg PQ |
AL vs. AL + 0.40 mg/kg PQ |
P values overall | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (n/N) | % (n/N) | % (n/N) | P values | OR | 95% CI | P values | OR | 95% CI | |||
| Parasite prevalence by 18S DNA | |||||||||||
| 3 | 60.5 (26/43) | 63.3 (31/49) | 50.0 (26/52) | 0.783 | 1.13 | 0.48, 2.62 | 0.309 | 0.66 | 0.29, 1.48 | 0.3563 | |
| 7 | 42.9 (18/42) | 28.0 (14/50) | 9.26 (5/54) | 0.138 | 0.52 | 0.22, 1.23 | 0.001 | 0.14 | 0.05, 0.41 | 0.001 | |
| 10 | 48.8 (20/41) | 22.0 (11/50) | 18.9 (10/53) | 0.009 | 0.3 | 0.12, 0.73 | 0.003 | 0.24 | 0.10, 0.61 | 0.0037 | |
| 14 | 36.6 (15/41) | 12.2 (6/49) | 11.1 (6/54) | 0.009 | 0.24 | 0.08, 0.70 | 0.005 | 0.22 | 0.08, 0.63 | 0.004 | |
| Parasite prevalence by 18S RNA | |||||||||||
| 3 | 97.7 (42/43) | 98.0 (48/49) | 98.1 (51/52) | 0.926 | 1.14 | 0.07, 18.84 | 0.892 | 1.21 | 0.07, 20.00 | 0.9905 | |
| 7 | 95.2 (40/42) | 96.0 (48/50) | 92.6 (50/54) | 0.859 | 1.2 | 0.16, 8.90 | 0.598 | 0.62 | 0.11, 3.59 | 0.731 | |
| 10 | 97.6 (40/41) | 98.0 (49/50) | 88.7 (47/53) | 0.887 | 1.23 | 0.07, 20.21 | 0.139 | 0.2 | 0.02, 1.70 | 0.0761 | |
| 14 | 97.6 (40/41) | 81.6 (40/49) | 63.0 (34/54) | 0.041 | 0.11 | 0.01, 0.92 | 0.003 | 0.04 | 0.01, 0.33 | 0.001 | |
| Gametocyte prevalence by Pfs25 | |||||||||||
| 3 | 69.8 (30/43) | 69.4 (34/49) | 82.7 (43/52) | 0.969 | 0.98 | 0.40, 2.39 | 0.141 | 2.07 | 0.79, 5.46 | 0.2091 | |
| 7 | 47.6 (20/42) | 22.0 (11/50) | 14.8 (8/54) | 0.011 | 0.31 | 0.13, 0.76 | 0.001 | 0.19 | 0.07, 0.50 | 0.0013 | |
| 10 | 48.8 (20/41) | 12.0 (6/50) | 7.6 (4/53) | 0.001 | 0.14 | 0.05, 0.41 | 0.001 | 0.09 | 0.03, 0.28 | 0.001 | |
| 14 | 31.7 (13/41) | 4.1 (2/49) | 7.4 (4/54) | 0.003 | 0.09 | 0.02, 0.44 | 0.004 | 0.17 | 0.05, 0.58 | 0.0004 | |
| Asexual parasite prevalence by SBP1 | |||||||||||
| 3 | 39.5 (17/43) | 36.7 (18/49) | 30.8 (16/52) | 0.783 | 0.89 | 0.38, 2.06 | 0.373 | 0.68 | 0.29, 1.59 | 0.6529 | |
| 7 | 21.4 (9/42) | 34.0 (17/50) | 27.8 (15/54) | 0.185 | 1.89 | 0.74, 4.84 | 0.477 | 1.41 | 0.55, 3.64 | 0.4047 | |
| 10 | 26.8 (11/41) | 32.0 (16/50) | 24.5 (13/53) | 0.591 | 1.28 | 0.52, 3.19 | 0.8 | 0.89 | 0.35, 2.25 | 0.692 | |
| 14 | 34.2 (14/41) | 46.9 (23/49) | 35.2 (19/54) | 0.22 | 1.71 | 0.73, 4.01 | 0.92 | 1.05 | 0.45, 2.46 | 0.36 | |
| Asexual parasite prevalence by REX1 | |||||||||||
| 3 | 9.3 (4/43) | 14.3 (7/49) | 9.6 (5/52) | 0.465 | 1.63 | 0.44, 6.00 | 0.959 | 1.04 | 0.26, 4.13 | 0.6921 | |
| 7 | 14.3 (6/42) | 18.0 (9/50) | 11.1 (6/54) | 0.632 | 1.32 | 0.43, 4.06 | 0.642 | 0.75 | 0.22, 2.52 | 0.606 | |
| 10 | 17.1 (7/41) | 16.0 (8/50) | 15.1 (8/53) | 0.891 | 0.93 | 0.30, 2.81 | 0.795 | 0.86 | 0.29, 2.61 | 0.9669 | |
| 14 | 19.5 (8/41) | 14.3 (7/49) | 16.7 (9/54) | 0.51 | 0.69 | 0.23, 2.1 | 0.72 | 0.83 | 0.29, 2.36 | 0.8 | |
| Asexual parasite prevalence by PhISTb | |||||||||||
| 3 | 0 (0/43) | 4.1 (2/49) | 5.8 (3/52) | NA | NA | NA | 0.697 | 0.7 | 0.11, 4.35 | 0.6948 | |
| 7 | 0 (0/42) | 4.0 (2/50) | 3.7 (2/54) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.9374 | |
| 10 | 4.9 (2/41) | 4.0 (2/52) | 1.9 (1/53) | 0.839 | 0.81 | 0.11, 6.03 | 0.43 | 0.38 | 0.03, 4.29 | 0.6943 | |
| 14 | 0 (0/41) | 8.2 (4/49) | 3.7 (2/54) | 0.35 | 2.31 | 0.40, 13.21 | NA | NA | NA | 0.33 | |
AL = artemether/lumefantrine; CI = confidence interval; NA = not available; OR = odds ratio; PQ = primaquine.