Table 2.
Neurobehavioral outcomes
| Neurobehavioral outcomes |
Cases |
Controls |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development (age < 60 months) | (N = 70) | (N = 74) | |
| MDAT gross motor (items passed) | 22.5 (21.2–23.8) | 26.0 (24.7–27.2) | 0.0002 |
| Fine motor (items passed) | 22.8 (21.5–24.2) | 26.0 (24.8–27.4) | 0.0009 |
| Language (items passed) | 21.4 (20.0–22.7) | 23.6 (22.3–24.9) | 0.02 |
| Social (items passed) | 24.1 (22.7–25.5) | 26.3 (25.0–27.7) | 0.02 |
| Developmentally delayed (%) | 16.0 | 0.0 | < 0.0001 |
| Cognitive function (age ≥ 60 months) | (N = 30) | (N = 27) | |
| KABC-II sequential processing (raw score) | 18.5 (17.4–19.7) | 19.5 (18.5–20.6) | NS |
| Learning (raw score) | 79.6 (71.0–88.2) | 90.9 (82.8–99.0) | NS |
| Delayed recall (raw score) | 26.4 (22.3–30.5) | 29.0 (25.1–32.9) | NS |
| Behavior (age ≥ 24 months) | (N = 60) | (N = 61) | |
| BRIEF inhibition/self-control (raw score) | 33.0 (31.5–34.6) | 31.0 (29.4–32.6) | NS |
| Caregiver reporting new concerns since discharge | |||
| Behavior (%) | 10.8 (102) | 2.6 (114) | 0.02 |
| Growth and development (%) | 7.8 (103) | 1.7 (115) | 0.03 |
BRIEF = Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function; MDAT = Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging. MDAT, KABC-II, and BRIEF results are shown as adjusted least squares means with 95% confidence limits in parentheses. BRIEF was administered only for the 2013–2014 season.