Table 1.
Distribution of respiratory viruses isolated from outpatients presenting with acute respiratory tract infections to a tertiary care hospital in southern Sri Lanka, 2013–2015
| Respiratory virus | Frequency (%) in all patients (N = 571) | Frequency (%) in patients < 5 years (N = 101) | Frequency (%) in patients ≥ 5 years (N = 470) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Influenza | 223 (39.1) | 25 (24.8) | 198 (42.1) | 0.001 |
| Influenza A | 163 (28.5) | 23 (22.8) | 140 (29.8) | 0.18 |
| Influenza B | 60 (10.5) | 2 (2.0) | 58 (12.3) | 0.001 |
| HEV/HRV | 83 (14.5) | 19 (18.8) | 64 (13.6) | 0.21 |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | 24 (4.2) | 14 (13.9) | 10 (2.1) | < 0.001 |
| Human metapneumovirus | 22 (3.9) | 5 (5.0) | 17 (3.6) | 0.57 |
| Parainfluenza virus | 18 (3.2) | 9 (8.9) | 9 (1.9) | 0.002 |
| Parainfluenza 1 | 6 (1.1) | 3 (3.0) | 3 (0.6) | 0.07 |
| Parainfluenza 2 | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 1.00 |
| Parainfluenza 3 | 7 (1.2) | 4 (4.0) | 3 (0.6) | 0.02 |
| Parainfluenza 4 | 4 (0.7) | 2 (2.0) | 2 (0.4) | 0.15 |
| Coronovirus | 8 (1.4) | 2 (2.0) | 6 (1.3) | 0.63 |
| Coronavirus 229E | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/A |
| Coronavirus HKU1 | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 1.00 |
| Coronavirus NL63 | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 1.00 |
| Coronavirus OC43 | 6 (1.1) | 2 (2.0) | 4 (0.9) | 0.29 |
| Bocavirus | 5 (0.9) | 4 (4.0) | 1 (0.2) | 0.004 |
| Adenovirus | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.4) | 1.00 |
| Negative | 208 (36.4) | 31 (30.7) | 177 (37.7) | 0.21 |
| Coinfections* | 21 (3.7) | 8 (7.9) | 13 (2.8) | 0.02 |
HEV/HRV = human enterovirus/rhinovirus.
*
Influenza (16), parainfluenza (seven), and HEV/HRV (six) were the most commonly identified viruses in coinfections.