Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of malaria-related hospitalizations in the United States, NIS, 2000–2014
| Unweighted frequency | Percent of malaria-related hospitalizations | Weighted frequency | Lower 95% CL weight frequency | Upper 95% CL weight frequency | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malaria diagnosis | |||||
| Primary | 3,798 | 83.1 | 18,297 | 17,374 | 19,220 |
| Secondary | 774 | 16.9 | 3,732 | 3,416 | 4,048 |
| Clinical classification | |||||
| Uncomplicated malaria | 3,570 | 78.0 | 17,206 | 16,336 | 18,076 |
| Severe malaria | 1,002 | 22.0 | 4,823 | 4,485 | 5,161 |
| Cerebral malaria | 197 | 4.3 | 956 | 819 | 1,093 |
| Malaria with anemia | 330 | 7.2 | 1,587 | 1,409 | 1,766 |
| Malaria with renal failure | 437 | 9.6 | 2,113 | 1,903 | 2,324 |
| Malaria with ARDS | 186 | 4.1 | 900 | 766 | 1,034 |
| Malaria with jaundice | 167 | 3.7 | 808 | 679 | 937 |
| Malaria with in-hospital death | 37 | 0.8 | 182 | 123 | 241 |
| Infecting species | |||||
| Species identified | 2,418 | 52.9 | 11,651 | 10,980 | 12,321 |
| Falciparum | 1,761 | 38.6 | 8,495 | 7,930 | 9,060 |
| Vivax | 544 | 11.9 | 2,612 | 2,362 | 2,861 |
| Malariae | 76 | 1.6 | 358 | 275 | 441 |
| Ovale | 67 | 1.5 | 331 | 248 | 414 |
| Species not identified | 2,154 | 47.1 | 10,379 | 9,795 | 10,962 |
| Mixed malaria | 90 | 2.0 | 430 | 327 | 533 |
| Other malaria | 314 | 6.9 | 1,520 | 1,333 | 1,708 |
| Unspecified malaria | 1,590 | 34.8 | 7,659 | 7,189 | 8,128 |
| Blackwater fever | 17 | 0.4 | 84 | 44 | 124 |
| Complicated malaria | 125 | 2.7 | 599 | 490 | 708 |
| Number of diagnoses | |||||
| 1 | 468 | 10.3 | 2,265 | 2,017 | 2,514 |
| 2–3 | 1,233 | 27.0 | 5,944 | 5,509 | 6,380 |
| 4–6 | 1,443 | 31.5 | 6,935 | 6,502 | 7,368 |
| 7–10 | 967 | 21.1 | 4,653 | 4,302 | 5,003 |
| 11 or more | 461 | 10.1 | 2,232 | 2,010 | 2,454 |
| Missing | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – |
| Number of chronic conditions* | |||||
| 0 | 430 | 20.1 | 2,108 | 1,859 | 2,356 |
| 1–3 | 1,302 | 60.6 | 6,356 | 5,866 | 6,846 |
| 4 or more | 414 | 19.3 | 2,024 | 1,809 | 2,238 |
| Missing | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – |
| Number of procedures performed | |||||
| 0 | 3,065 | 66.9 | 14,746 | 13,992 | 15,501 |
| 1 | 793 | 17.4 | 3,834 | 3,499 | 4,170 |
| 2 or more | 714 | 15.7 | 3,448 | 3,132 | 3,765 |
| Missing | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – |
| Admission source* | |||||
| Admitted from ER | 1,893 | 50.8 | 9,036 | 8,379 | 9,694 |
| Admitted from another hospital | 107 | 2.9 | 512 | 404 | 621 |
| Admitted from another facility | 20 | 0.5 | 97 | 54 | 140 |
| Admitted from routine/birth/other | 700 | 18.8 | 3,304 | 2,927 | 3,680 |
| Missing | 1,005 | 27.0 | 4,845 | – | – |
| Length of stay (days) | |||||
| 0–1 | 683 | 15.0 | 3,300 | 3,009 | 3,591 |
| 2–3 | 1,947 | 42.6 | 9,385 | 8,822 | 9,947 |
| 4–6 | 1,342 | 29.3 | 6,464 | 6,053 | 6,876 |
| 7+ | 600 | 13.1 | 2,880 | 2,631 | 3,129 |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Mean (range) | 4.36 | 0 | 135 | 4.21 | 4.50 |
| Total | 4,572 | 100.0 | 22,029 | 21,001 | 23,057 |
ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; CL = confidence level; ER = emergency room; NIS = Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Unweighted frequencies are the raw frequencies in the NIS, and weighted raw frequencies represent national estimates.
*
Admission source: 2000–2011 data only. Number of chronic conditions 2008–2014 data only.