Table 2.

Traits related to stay-green (SG) reported by several authors in different crops.

Species	Traits Associated with SG	Reference
Maize	High grain yield, drought tolerance and low Nitrogen	[8]
	Cell-death mechanisms	[68]
	Drought tolerance, greater leaf greenness	[9]
	High yield and increase dry matter	[69]
	High leaf chlorophyll concentration, low Nitrogen	[70]
	Longer green leaf area after flowering	[71]
	Delayed leaf Senescence, higher dry matter and high sucrose accumulation	[72]
	Days to silking emergence	[73]
	Greater leaf chlorophyll content	[74]
	Greater leaf chlorophyll content, high dry matter accumulation, low N uptake	[75]
	Drought tolerance, delayed flowering, grater leaf area index	[76]
	Lower canopy senescence, longer post-silking, high C and N accumulation and yield	[77]
Maize, Rice, Soybean	High leaf N content, high CO2 assimilation rate, high photosynthesis rate, and greater biomass accumulation	[78]
Arabidopsis	Reduced chlorophyll degradation	[79]
	Delayed leaf senescence	[80]
Arabidopsis, Maize, Wheat, etc.	Delayed leaf senescence, reduced chlorophyll degradation, high yield and quality	[81]
	Delayed leaf senescence, longer photosynthesis duration, increase biomass production	[82]
	Delayed leaf senescence, reduced chlorophyll breakdown.	[83]
	Reduced chlorophyll and protein degradation	[84]
Wheat	High yield, high biomass production	[46]
	High photosynthetic rate, high stomatal conductance, high photochemical quenching of PSII, greater grain filling.	[85]
	High photosynthetic rate, high chlorophyll content, high malondialdehyde content, high activity of both superoxide dismutase and catalase, greater grain filling and delayed flag leaf senescence, high seed weights and per-plant yield	[86]
	Spot blotch resistance, green coloration (chlorophyll) of flag leaf, greater leaf area under greenness	[65]
	Greater leaf area under greenness, heat tolerance, high grain and biomass yield.	[87]
	Drought and heat tolerance, high vegetation index, greater grain filling	[88]
	Drought tolerance, higher grain filling rate, longer grain filling, high grain yield, high harvest index, greater grain weight and grain number per spike.	[89]
	High yield and biomass production, increase thousand grain weight	[90]
	Higher green leaf area, high grain filling, high yield	[91]
	High photosynthetic rate, high chlorophyll content, better cellular redox state of the flag leaf	[92]
	High grain yield, greater thousand grain weight, higher root length, higher root density and root weight, and slow flag leaf drying	[93]
	Low N, high yield, higher grain filling, high biomass production	[94]
	Drought tolerance, reduction in canopy size, higher root growth, grain filling and grain yield	[95]
	Greater leaf chlorophyll content, higher grain filling and grain yield.	[96]
Rice	Greater chlorophyll and N content, high yield, Rhyncosporium, Sarocladium, and Helminthosporium resistance	[67]
	Greater seed-setting rate, increases grain yield, grain filling and chlorophyll content	[97]
	High chlorophyll content, less chlorophyll degradation	[98]
	Retention of the green area of the flag and second leaves, high yield.	[99]
	Less chlorophyll breakdown and degradation of pigment-protein complex.	[100]
Barley	Strong winter hardiness, resistance to shattering and barley yellow mosaic virus, latter growing period, high forage dry matter yields, high grain yield	[101]
	Starch biosynthesis and quality in grain, drought tolerance, high grain filling and yield	[102]
Tomato and Pepper	Inhibition chlorophyll and protein degradation during fruit ripening	[103]
Tomato	Inhibition chlorophyll degradation	[104]
Sunflower	Greener stems at physiological maturity, low harvest seed moisture content, drought tolerance.	[105]
	High oil content, increase biomass, higher grain number and yield, resistance to stalk breakage	[7]
Broccoli	Delayed senescence, reduced chlorophyll degradation	[106]
Kiwi	Higher Pigment biosynthesis and reduced pigment degradation	[107]
Lolium/Festuca grasses	Slow chlorophyll catabolism	[108]
Miscanthus	Drought tolerance, delayed leaf senescence, increase biomass	[109]
Cassava	Drought tolerance, increase the total fresh biomass, higher root dry matter	[110]
Cowpea	Increase seed size and grain yield, heat tolerance	[111]