Table 4. Summary of disease system reservoirs by major animal taxa.
| Epidemic Potential Zone* | High Priority Zoonotic Pathogens† | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reservoir Taxon | All Systems (n = 330) | Dead-End (220) | Stuttering Chains (44) | Epidemic Potential (66) | Human Target (261) | Top 25% (109) | Top 10% (45) |
| Amphibian | 3.03% (10) | 3.18% (7) | 0.00% (0) | 4.55% (3) | 2.68% (7) | 0.00% (0) | 0.00% (0) |
| Annelid | 0.30% (1) | 0.45% (1) | 0.00% (0) | 0.00% (0) | 0.38% (1) | 0.00% (0) | 0.00% (0) |
| Arthropod‡ | 42.42% (140) | 43.64% (96) | 40.91% (18) | 39.39% (26) | 45.21% (118) | 44.04% (48) | 44.44% (20) |
| Bird | 8.79% (29) | 9.09% (20) | 6.82% (3) | 9.09% (6) | 9.96% (26) | 12.84% (14) | 17.78% (8) |
| Fish | 5.15% (17) | 7.27% (16) | 0.00% (0) | 1.52% (1) | 6.13% (16) | 0.92% (1) | 0.00% (0) |
| Helminth | 0.91% (3) | 1.36% (3) | 0.00% (0) | 0.00% (0) | 0.00% (0) | 0.00% (0) | 0.00% (0) |
| Mammal | 84.24% (278) | 84.09% (185) | 93.18% (41) | 78.79% (52) | 86.59% (226) | 86.24% (94) | 88.89% (40) |
| Mollusk | 7.27% (24) | 7.73% (17) | 4.55% (2) | 7.58% (5) | 7.28% (19) | 2.75% (3) | 0.00% (0) |
| Reptile | 2.42% (8) | 3.18% (7) | 2.27% (1) | 0.00% (0) | 3.07% (8) | 0.00% (0) | 0.00% (0) |
Each reservoir was categorized by which of the listed animal taxa or environments it included. The data above show the percentage of systems whose reservoirs include at least one species belonging to the group. The number of systems is given in parentheses.
*The epidemic potential zone subsets represent the transmission potential of the pathogen in the target host population(s) following spillover. The zones are defined as follows: dead-end for a basic reproductive number (R0) nearly equal to zero, stuttering chains for an R0 greater than zero but less than one, and epidemic potential for an R0 greater than one.
†High priority zoonotic pathogen subsets were determined by estimating the pathogen’s representation in the scientific literature using the H-index. Each subset was created to include pathogens that are among the 25% (Top 25%) and 10% (Top 10%) most significant known human pathogens.
‡Includes arthropods listed in the reservoir field as well as those listed as vectors only.