Table 1. PGPR strains effect on Heterodera glycines J2 with LS-means more than 50% mortalitya.
| Code | Scientific name | Heterodera glycines | Dunnett's P vsd (P ≤ 0.05) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| J2 mortality (%)b | Clothianidin | P. nishizawae | Aldicarb | Water | ||
| + B. firmusc | ||||||
| Bal9 | Bacillus altitudinis | 51.7 | 0.1099 | 0.0206 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Bal11 | Bacillus altitudinis | 64.0 | 0.0236 | 0.0045 | 0.1725 | <.0001 |
| Bal12 | Bacillus altitudinis | 54.7 | 0.0408 | 0.0059 | 0.0002 | <.0001 |
| Bal13 | Bacillus altitudinis | 81.2 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 1.0000 | <.0001 |
| Bal20 | Bacillus altitudinis | 55.1 | 0.0353 | 0.0050 | 0.0003 | <.0001 |
| Bar15 | Bacillus aryabhattai | 90.5 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 1.0000 | <.0001 |
| Bar16 | Bacillus aryabhattai | 64.9 | 0.0180 | 0.0033 | 0.2079 | <.0001 |
| Bar21 | Bacillus aryabhattai | 57.5 | 0.0136 | 0.0016 | 0.0011 | <.0001 |
| Ble1 | Bacillus lentus | 74.2 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.4208 | <.0001 |
| Bmo3 | Bacillus mojavensis | 54.5 | 0.2720 | 0.0907 | 0.0117 | 0.0010 |
| Bmt10 | Bacillus methylotrophicus | 51.4 | 0.4749 | 0.1896 | 0.0039 | 0.0033 |
| Bmy19 | Bacillus mycoides | 66.9 | 0.0092 | 0.0015 | 0.3115 | <.0001 |
| Bmy32 | Bacillus mycoides | 77.7 | 0.0001 | <.0001 | 0.9947 | <.0001 |
| Bpu6 | Bacillus pumilus | 78.4 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.9982 | <.0001 |
| Bsa25 | Bacillus safensis | 62.5 | 0.0378 | 0.0079 | 0.1200 | <.0001 |
| Bsa26 | Bacillus safensis | 74.1 | 0.0006 | <.0001 | 0.8614 | <.0001 |
| Bsa27 | Bacillus safensis | 79.2 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.9997 | <.0001 |
| Bsp2 | Bacillus simplex | 60.2 | 0.0044 | 0.0004 | 0.0038 | <.0001 |
| Bsp3 | Bacillus simplex | 62.0 | 0.0437 | 0.0095 | 0.1061 | <.0001 |
| Bsp4 | Bacillus simplex | 93.9 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 1.0000 | <.0001 |
| Bsp8 | Bacillus simplex | 55.9 | 0.2035 | 0.0626 | 0.0186 | 0.0005 |
| Bsp26 | Bacillus simplex | 64.5 | 0.0201 | 0.0038 | 0.1927 | <.0001 |
| Bsp53 | Bacillus simplex | 81.9 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 1.0000 | <.0001 |
| Bsp68 | Bacillus simplex | 87.1 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 1.0000 | <.0001 |
| Bsp90 | Bacillus simplex | 52.2 | 0.0340 | 0.0038 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Bsp113 | Bacillus simplex | 63.3 | 0.0010 | <.0001 | 0.0144 | <.0001 |
| Bsp123 | Bacillus simplex | 74.2 | 0.0005 | <.0001 | 0.8715 | <.0001 |
| Bsp129 | Bacillus simplex | 99.9 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 1.0000 | <.0001 |
| Bsp130 | Bacillus simplex | 61.6 | 0.0490 | 0.0109 | 0.0960 | <.0001 |
| Bsp133 | Bacillus simplex | 73.7 | 0.0007 | <.0001 | 0.8329 | <.0001 |
| Bsp139 | Bacillus simplex | 67.6 | 0.0072 | 0.0011 | 0.3548 | <.0001 |
| Bsp141 | Bacillus simplex | 99.9 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 1.0000 | <.0001 |
| Bsp146 | Bacillus simplex | 70.9 | 0.0021 | 0.0003 | 0.6075 | <.0001 |
| Bsp149 | Bacillus simplex | 64.7 | 0.0189 | 0.0035 | 0.2013 | <.0001 |
| Bsp153 | Bacillus simplex | 89.7 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 1.0000 | <.0001 |
| Bsp159 | Bacillus simplex | 56.8 | 0.1650 | 0.0480 | 0.0251 | 0.0004 |
| Bsp165 | Bacillus simplex | 71.4 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.2188 | <.0001 |
| Bsp168 | Bacillus simplex | 69.1 | 0.0042 | 0.0006 | 0.4596 | <.0001 |
| Bsp171 | Bacillus simplex | 67.3 | 0.0079 | 0.0013 | 0.3390 | <.0001 |
| Bsp188 | Bacillus simplex | 73.0 | 0.0009 | 0.0001 | 0.7829 | <.0001 |
| Bsp196 | Bacillus simplex | 95.1 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 1.0000 | <.0001 |
| Bsssu2 | Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis | 74.8 | 0.0004 | <.0001 | 0.9084 | <.0001 |
| Bsssu3 | Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis | 74.2 | 0.0005 | <.0001 | 0.8715 | <.0001 |
| Bto10 | Bacillus toyonensis | 64.7 | 0.0005 | <.0001 | 0.0250 | <.0001 |
| Bto11 | Bacillus toyonensis | 62.7 | 0.0013 | 0.0001 | 0.0114 | <.0001 |
| Bto22 | Bacillus toyonensis | 64.8 | 0.0004 | <.0001 | 0.0265 | <.0001 |
| Bto23 | Bacillus toyonensis | 51.1 | 0.1304 | 0.0258 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Bto51 | Bacillus toyonensis | 67.6 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.0718 | <.0001 |
| Bve2 | Bacillus velezensis | 54.7 | 0.2613 | 0.0861 | 0.0125 | 0.0009 |
| Bwe6 | Bacillus weihenstephanensis | 93.3 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 1.0000 | <.0001 |
| Fso1 | Fictibacillus solisalsi | 59.6 | 0.0834 | 0.0206 | 0.0572 | 0.0001 |
| Pata1 | Paenibacillus taichungensis | 64.4 | 0.0211 | 0.0040 | 0.1865 | <.0001 |
| Paxy1 | Paenibacillus xylanexedens | 74.8 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.4681 | <.0001 |
| Control | Active ingredientc | |||||
| Poncho/Votivo | Clothianidin | 21.1 | … | 1.0000 | <.0001 | 0.9885 |
| +B. firmus I-1582 | ||||||
| Clariva | Pasteuria nishizawae | 16.3 | 1.0000 | … | <.0001 | 0.0000 |
| Temik | Aldicarb | 99.6 | <.0001 | <.0001 | … | <.0001 |
| Untreated control | Sterile distilled water | 2.8 | 0.9885 | 1.0000 | <.0001 | … |
In vitro tests were performed in 96-well plates. Data collected were analyzed in SAS 9.4 using PROC GLIMMIX procedure at significantlevel of α ≤ 0.05. P value less than 0.05 indicate a significant effect. Adjusted P values were obtained according to Dunnett's method.
aThe LS-means are presented in the tables with adjusted P values for statistical differences.
bMortality percentage was determined by calculating as the following equation: [(live J2 prior to exposure − live J2 at 48 hours) / live J2 prior to exposure] × 100.
cActive ingredients for the nematicides Poncho/Votivo are Clothianidin plus B. firmus I-1582, Clariva is Pasteuria nishizawae, Temik is Aldicarb, and untreated control is sterile distilled water.
dDunnett's option was used in the LSMEANS statement to assess the differences between bacterial strains and the Poncho/Votivo, Clariva, Temik, and the untreted control.