Table 2.
Range of observed concentrations for CECs detected in water or fish.
| Analytes | Range for effluent (ng/L) | Range for estuary water (ng/L) | Range for salmon (ng/g) | Range for sculpin (ng/g) | WWTP output (g/d)# | Percentile ranking for effluent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Bremerton | Tacoma | ||||||
| Albuterol | 36 – 41 | 12 | 0.54 | 2.03 | > 90th | ||
| Alprazolam | 3.0 – 4.0 | 0.38 | 0.04 | 0.23 | > 95th | ||
| Amitriptyline | 88 – 119 | 0.58 – 0.68 | 1.58 | 4.97 | > 99th | ||
| 10-OH-amitriptyline | 43 – 60 | 0.19 – 0.21 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.80 | 2.43 | *> 99th |
| Amlodipine | 9.7 – 26 | 0.62 – 1.0 | 0.13 | 1.49 | > 99th | ||
| Amphetamine | 67 – 164 | 2.2 – 29 | 3.4 – 25 | 7.3 – 25 | 2.17 | 3.81 | > 99th |
| Androstenedione | 8.4 | 0.11 | |||||
| Atenolol | 1,700 – 2,440 | 3 – 22 | 22.5 | 138.5 | > 95th | ||
| Atorvastatin | 68 | 3.87 | *> 99th | ||||
| Azithromycin | 261 – 629 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 8.33 | 14.8 | ||
| Benzoylecgonine | 151 – 293 | 0.50 – 0.80 | 3.88 | 8.57 | |||
| Benztropine | 0.57 – 0.93 | 0.20 | 0.01 | 0.03 | *> 99th | ||
| Bisphenol A | 350 – 4,290 | 2.8 – 4.3 | 3.3 – 41 | 3.6 – 4.5 | 4.64 | 243 | |
| Caffeine | 152 – 1170 | 18 | 13 | 15.5 | 8.63 | ||
| Carbamazepine | 510 – 735 | 1.9 | 6.76 | 41.7 | > 99th | ||
| Cimetidine | 194 | 11.0 | > 99th | ||||
| Ciprofloxacin | 158 – 192 | 7.3 | 17 | 2.54 | 8.97 | > 80th | |
| Clarithromycin | 52 – 181 | 0.69 | 10.3 | ||||
| Cocaine | 9 – 59 | 0.30 | 0.78 | 0.48 | |||
| Codeine | 290 – 178 | 2.36 | 16.5 | ||||
| Cotinine | 115 – 340 | 4.50 | 6.53 | ||||
| DEET | 23.3 – 684 | 2.4 – 5.3 | 0.39 – 1.6 | 0.41 – 2.2 | 9.06 | 1.32 | |
| Diazepam | 1.5 – 2.2 | 0.39 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.09 | ||
| Dehydronifedipine | 13 – 15 | 0.20 | 0.73 | ||||
| Diltiazem | 390 – 425 | 0.52 – 0.75 | 1.4 – 1.6 | 5.17 | 24.1 | > 99th | |
| Diltiazem desmethyl | 82 – 148 | 0.06 – 1.5 | 0.07 – 0.08 | 1.96 | 4.64 | > 99th | |
| Dimethylxanthine 1,7 | 873 – 2060 | 27.3 | 49.6 | ||||
| Diphenhydramine | 1030 – 1240 | 0.96 – 1.5 | 0.24 – 2.7 | 0.28 | 16.4 | 58.5 | |
| Enalapril | 5.9 | 1.2 | 0.34 | > 80th | |||
| Erythromycin | 87 – 138 | 3.3 | 0.90 | 1.83 | 4.96 | ||
| Estrone | 4.5 – 58 | 0.77 | 0.25 | > 85th | |||
| Fluocinonide | 6.5 | ||||||
| Fluoxetine | 57 – 60 | 4.9 | 0.75 | 3.38 | > 99th | ||
| Furosemide | 994 – 1290 | 17.1 | 56.4 | > 95th | |||
| Gemfibrozil | 1360 – 1640 | 3.4 – 4.5 | 1.3 | 21.7 | 77.2 | > 90th | |
| Glipizide | 22 – 23 | 0.29 | 1.24 | *> 99th | |||
| Glyburide | 7.6 – 11 | 0.14 | 0.43 | *> 99th | |||
| α-HBCDD | 0.10 – 0.20 | ||||||
| γ-HBCDD | 0.42 | ||||||
| Hydrochlorothiazide | 411 – 578 | 7.66 | 23.3 | ≈ 5 th | |||
| Hydrocodone | 69 – 74 | 0.98 | 3.93 | > 80th | |||
| Ibuprofen | 116 – 1060 | 14.0 | 6.59 | > 80th | |||
| 2-OH-ibuprofen | 1,160 – 4,550 | 60.3 | 65.9 | > 95th | |||
| Lincomycin | 27 | 1.55 | *> 99th | ||||
| MBP | 289 – 491 | ||||||
| MEHP | 0.40 | 0.02 | |||||
| Meprobamate | 513 – 623 | 8.25 | 29.1 | ||||
| Metformin | 29,300 – 82,700 | 105 – 832 | 28 | 388 | 4695 | ||
| Metoprolol | 805 – 835 | 10.7 | 47.4 | > 90th | |||
| Miconazole | 4.9 | 1.8 | 0.28 | ||||
| Naproxen | 106 –701 | 9.29 | 6.02 | ||||
| Norfluoxetine | 17 – 28 | 0.68 – 3.2 | 0.37 | 0.97 | > 99th | ||
| Norverapamil | 13 – 14 | 0.12 – 0.47 | 0.20 – 0.30 | 0.17 | 0.77 | > 95th | |
| 4-NP | 506 – 1690 | 41 | 30 – 76 | 7.7 – 35 | 6.70 | 95.9 | |
| NP1EO | 1,220 – 1,760 | 1.3 – 60 | 3 – 4.9 | 23.3 | 69.3 | ||
| NP2EO | 1,690 – 2,610 | 1.4 – 51 | 1.9 – 17 | 34.6 | 95.9 | ||
| Ofloxacin | 108 – 387 | 5.13 | 6.13 | > 90th | |||
| Ormetoprim | 44 – 1,600 | ||||||
| Oxycodone | 158 – 231 | 2.09 | 13.1 | > 95th | |||
| Paroxetine | 6.6 – 42 | 0.56 | 0.37 | *> 99th | |||
| PFBA | 6.7 | 0.38 | |||||
| PFBS | 13 | 0.17 | |||||
| PFDA | 0.78 | ||||||
| PFHpA | 3 – 7.5 | 0.10 | 0.17 | ||||
| PFHxA | 15 – 53 | 0.71 | 0.86 | ||||
| PFHxS | 55 | 0.73 | 0.00 | ||||
| PFNA | 2 | 0.11 | |||||
| PFOA | 7.6 – 12 | 0.16 | 0.43 | ||||
| PFOS | 461 | 1.2 – 34 | 1.1 – 1.4 | 6.11 | 0.00 | ||
| PFOSA | 0.82 – 2.2 | ||||||
| PFPeA | 3.4 – 4.7 | 0.06 | 0.19 | ||||
| Promethazine | 3.8 | 0.21 | *> 99th | ||||
| Propoxyphene | 0.7 – 1.9 | 0.02 | 0.04 | > 80th | |||
| Propranolol | 76 – 109 | 1.00 | 6.19 | > 95th | |||
| Ranitidine | 494 | 0.75 | 0.82 – 1.1 | 0.97 | 28.1 | > 95th | |
| Roxithromycin | 3.8 | 0.22 | |||||
| Sertraline | 89 – 116 | 17 | 0.20 | 1.54 | 5.05 | > 95th | |
| Simvastatin | 34 | 1.95 | *> 99th | ||||
| Sulfadiazine | 0.88 | ||||||
| Sulfadimethoxine | 8.2 | 0.46 | 0.34 – 17 | 0.47 | *> 99th | ||
| Sulfamerazine | 0.51 | ||||||
| Sulfamethoxazole | 1380 | 1.5 – 4.2 | 78.4 | > 90th | |||
| Testosterone | 1.9 | ||||||
| Thiabendazole | 24 – 27 | 0.36 | 1.35 | ||||
| Triamterene | 151 – 156 | 2.00 | 8.86 | > 95th | |||
| Triclocarban | 12 – 17 | 6.5 | 0.16 | 0.96 | |||
| Triclosan | 250 – 538 | 5.2 | 26 | 7.13 | 14.2 | ||
| Trimethoprim | 742 – 852 | 2.3 | 9.83 | 48 | > 99th | ||
| Valsartan | 2010 – 3000 | 5.4 | 26.6 | 170 | > 80th | ||
| Verapamil | 40 – 44 | 0.30 – 0.60 | 0.07 – 0.27 | 0.54 | 2.52 | > 80th | |
| Virginiamycin M1 | 10 | 8 – 34 | |||||
| Warfarin | 6.2 | 0.35 | *> 99th | ||||
| Detected analytes | 81 | 25 | 37 | 21 | |||
| Sum kg/d for sample flow | 0.82 | 6.66 | |||||
| kg/d at maximum flow | 3.5 | 17 | |||||
All blank values indicate a concentration <RL. Range shows minimum and maximum for each matrix (effluent, estuary water, or fish tissue) and type (sculpin or salmon). All single values indicate at least one site with a quantifiable concentration. Tissue concentrations are whole-body wet weight. Grams/day (g/d) for each analyte shown based on measured concentration (Table S4) and flow rate on the date of collection (personal communication from plant operators). Also shown is predicted kg/d for flow at the time of sampling and maximum flow. Our effluent concentrations expressed as percentile ranking compared to Kostich et al. (2013, 2014) who analyzed 56 active pharmaceutical ingredients in the 50 largest WWTPs in the U.S.
= all values from Kostich et al. (2014) below detection but detected in the present study. See Table S1 for all analyte abbrevations and text for details.