Table 1.

Mother and Maternal Grandparent Characteristics of Infants Born 2009–2011, by Infants’ Preterm Birth, and Preterm Birth, Status: an Intergenerational Study, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania

	Term Births N=6,051		Preterm Births N=541		Subgroups of Preterm Birth
					Late Preterm Births N=437		Early Preterm Births N=104
Mothers’ characteristics	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Race **
Non-Hispanic white	4,384	72.45	349	64.51	295	67.51	54	51.92
Non-Hispanic black	1,667	27.55	192	35.49	142	32.49	50	48.08
Age *
Less than 20	1,312	21.68	133	24.58	108	24.71	25	24.04
20 to 24	1,979	32.71	187	34.57	142	32.49	45	43.27
25 to 32	2,760	45.61	221	40.85	187	42.79	34	32.69
Marital status **
Married	2,326	38.44	163	30.13	144	32.95	19	18.27
Unmarried	3,722	61.51	378	69.87	293	67.05	85	81.73
Unknown	3		0		0		0
Health insurance **
Private/self-pay	3,680	60.82	275	50.83	231	52.86	44	42.31
Medicaid	1,950	32.23	228	42.14	174	39.82	54	51.92
Unknown	421		38		32		6
Educational attainment **
< high school	835	13.80	99	18.30	75	17.16	24	23.08
High school	1,601	26.46	182	33.64	141	32.27	41	39.42
At least some college	3,603	59.54	258	47.69	220	50.34	38	36.54
Unknown	12		2		1		1
Neighborhood characteristics
Intergenerational neighborhood racial composition * a
High-high % black	621	10.26	77	14.23	58	13.27	19	18.27
Medium-medium % black	323	5.34	34	6.28	29	6.64	5	4.81
Low-low % black	3,311	54.72	247	45.66	213	48.74	34	32.69
Change to lower % black	770	12.73	82	15.16	60	13.73	22	21.15
Change to higher % black	1,026	16.96	101	18.67	77	17.62	24	23.08
Neighborhood economic composition* b
High-high poverty	1,759	29.07	192	35.49	133	30.43	59	56.73
Low-low poverty	2,436	40.26	186	34.38	165	37.76	21	20.19
High-low poverty	1,466	24.23	128	23.66	108	24.71	20	19.23
Low-high poverty	390	6.45	35	6.47	31	7.09	4	3.85

^**Characteristics are significantly different between term and preterm infants (P < 0.001)

^*Characteristics are significantly different between term and preterm infants (P < 0.05)

^aPercent of residents who are NH black in the maternal grandmother and mother’s census tract

^bPercent of households in lowest income tertile in maternal grandmother and mother’s census tract