. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017 Jan 13;140(3):828–835.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.11.040

Table 2.

ANCOVA analyses of parents’ childhood SES predicting child asthma clinical and immune outcomes.

	Low Parent SES (n=69)		High Parent SES (n=81)		F	p
	M	SE	M	SE	F	p
Asthma control
Parent report	20.11	.38	21.47	.36	6.66	.011
Child report	19.31	.37	20.31	.34	3.93	.049
Cytokine production
Poly I:C (innate)	0.14	.12	−0.13	.11	2.81	.096
LPS (innate)	0.08	.12	−0.07	.11	0.92	.339
PMA/INO (Th-1)	0.27	.12	−0.23	.10	10.19	.002
PMA/INO (Th-2)	0.18	.11	−0.15	.10	4.77	.031

Note: LPS=lipopolysaccharide. PMA/INO = phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin. Cytokine production is represented by composite indicators derived from factor analyses. They include a Th-2 factor (IL-2, 4, 5, and 13), a Th-1 factor (IFN-γ, IL-10), and a pro-inflammatory factor (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α). In all cases, values are corrected for non-specific production of each cytokine, then standardized and aggregated into composites. Models include the covariates child age, gender, ethnicity, and usage of beta agonists and inhaled corticosteroids, with M and SE representing adjusted values.