Table 1.

Task Sharing Interventions Involving Community Health Workers

Program Description	Task Shared or New Task	Control / Comparison Group	Primary Process and/or Health Outcome Measures Reported	Author (Yr) and Country
Home visitation from a nurse and CHW for pregnant women on Medicaid to address stress and mental health	CHWs add to the nurse home visit program by offering peer support to address chronic stressors, increase access to resources, improve health behaviors, and help engage women in services	Usual community care that involves a nurse home visit	↑ women reached and total visits for nurse + CHW intervention; reached ↑ at-risk women with the exception of alcohol and drug risk group	Roman 2007 U.S.
Door-to-door outreach by a CHW to address physical and mental health issues including stress management, substance abuse, domestic violence, depression, and anxiety. CHWs provide information and referrals.	Community outreach and education	NA	NA	HRSA report 2011a U.S.
CHW-led fotonovela project on depression with an immigrant Latina population	Community outreach and education	Discussion on family communication and intergenerational relationships	↑ depression knowledge; ↑ efficacy to seek treatment; ↓ stigma toward depression treatment	Hernandez 2013 U.S.
Peer Promotora model focused on topics of elder abuse, depression, anxiety, suicide, stigma, and cultural issues around mental health utilization	Community outreach and education	NA	NA	Marselian Power- Point 2013a U.S.
Promotoras model focused on topics of domestic violence, substance abuse, and harm reduction along with offering individual, group, and family therapy for mental health needs of those who are HIV positive	Community outreach and education and psychotherapy	NA	NA	Garcia newsletter 2006a U.S.
Pilot promotora intervention focusing on stress and coping with an immigrant Latina population but also addressing mental health of CHWs offering this intervention	Community outreach and education	NA	CHWs had ↑ knowledge of role and stress management, ↑ coping skills and perceived social support, and ↓ depression and stress levels	Tran 2014 U.S.
Behavioral Health Aide (BHA) program integrates a CHW trained in behavioral health into small communities across the state with differing levels of direct and indirect supervision based on level of experience	Community outreach and education, psychotherapy, assist with crisis response, and case management	NA	NA	ANTHC BHA Program Guide 2013a U.S.
CHWs in the clinic work with depressed patients on the social determinants of health that are correlated with depression, CHW also follows up with patient on depression, medication and possible patient questions, and primary care providers(PCPs) were offered clinical guidelines on depression and PHQ-9 depression symptom measure on patients	CHW assists primary care team by engaging and following up with patients with depression about their symptoms and treatment while also working with them to address social determinants of health	CHW follows up with patient on depression, medication, and patient questions, and PCPs offered clinical guidelines on depression and PHQ-9 on patients	No difference in patient outcomes; Ethnographic findings highlight greater implementation challenges at the experimental clinic compared to control clinic	Waitzkin 2011 U.S.
CHW home-visit intervention developed through health system and public school collaboration to support Latino youth with mental health problems around their children’s mental well- being and school success for at-risk youth	Community outreach and education	NA	NA	Garcia 2012 U.S.
CHW added to assertive community treatment (ACT) team working with those with serious psychiatric diagnosis who are at risk for homelessness or homeless. CHW assisted with activities of daily living and leisure activities.	CHWs add to the ACT team to assist with clients’ daily activities	2 groups: ACT; brokered case management	CHW + ACT did not differ from ACT arm in client satisfaction, health outcomes or days in contact with the program	Wolff 1997; Morse 1997 U.S.

^aIndicates item is from the grey literature