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Production cost of microalgae in raceway pond and PBRs
| System | Operating costs (US$/kg) | Capital costs (US$/ha) | Total costs (US$/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial raceway ponds | – | 100,000 | 2–15 |
| 50,000 m2 raceway pond | 7–10 | 300,000 | 8–11 |
| Raceway ponds for phyco-remediation | – | 2–4 | |
| PBR (Chlorella) | – | – | 40–60 (selling price) |
| PBR (Haematococcus) | – | – | >30 2 |
| PBR (cost analysis) | 19.4 | 12.6 (capital costs 11% per year) | 32 |
