Table 2. Descriptive statistics stratified by group.
| Fast walker | Slow walker | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assured n=16 |
Modest n=62 |
Assured n=8 |
Modest n=20 |
|
| Age (years)* | 73.4 ± 4.5 | 73.2 ± 6.0 | 79.1 ± 3.9 | 77.4 ± 5.1 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 28.9 ± 8.0 | 27.7 ± 8.9 | 23.7 ± 5.9 | 26.3 ± 7.7 |
| One-leg standing time with open eyes (s)‡ | 58.26 ± 46.02 | 31.94 ± 37.11 | 26.4 ± 24.13 | 13.53 ± 7.66 |
| One-leg standing time with closed eyes (s)‡ | 6.93 ± 5.38 | 4.3 ± 4.25 | 4.33 ± 3.34 | 3.13 ± 2.18 |
| Functional Reach test (cm) | 28.1 ± 5.3 | 29.6 ± 5.7 | 26.2 ± 6.0 | 25.4 ± 7.1 |
| Timed Up and Go test (s)* | 7.52 ± 1.02 | 7.51 ± 1.41 | 10.66 ± 1.83 | 9.4 ± 1.33 |
| SWOC score (s)†‡ * | 9.98 ± 1.21 | 10.09 ± 1.45 | 15.83 ± 2.97 | 13.69 ± 1.09 |
| Comfortable gait speed (m/s)* | 1.46 ± 0.23 | 1.42 ± 0.22 | 1.06 ± 0.21 | 1.25 ± 0.16 |
| Maximum gait speed (m/s)* | 1.98 ± 0.31 | 1.92 ± 0.27 | 1.48 ± 0.33 | 1.68 ± 0.24 |
| Activities-specific balance Confidence (ABC) Scale score (%)† * | 83.6 ± 14.1 | 79.7 ± 18.8 | 55.9 ± 23.2 | 74.5 ± 23.0 |
| Berg Balance Scale score (points)* | 55.4 ± 0.6 | 54.4 ± 1.8 | 53.0 ± 2.5 | 53.1 ± 2.4 |
Mean ± standard deviation. *ANOVA or ANCOVA indicated a significant main effect of the actual SWOC performance (p<0.05). ‡ANOVA indicated a significant main effect of subjective perception (p<0.05). †ANOVA or ANCOVA indicated a significant interaction between actual SWOC score and subjective perception (p<0.05). SWOC score was significantly lower in the slow-assured groups compared to that in the other three groups, and was lower in the slow-modest group compared to the fast-assured/modest groups. The ABC Scale score was significantly lower in the slow-assured group compared to that in the fast-assured/modest groups.