Table 3.

The risk of all-cause dementia between cilostazol cohort and comparison cohort split by comorbidities (n = 9148)

	Comparison cohort		Cilostazol cohort		Cilostazol cohort vs comparison cohort		Interaction
	No. cases	%	No. cases	%	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	p-value	p-value
Sex
Female	290	8.9	64	6.0	0.91 (0.69–1.20)	0.505	0.039
Male	296	8.3	45	3.7	0.58 (0.43–0.80)	0.001
Age (years)
< 65	42	1.7	14	1.8	1.49 (0.81–2.76)	0.199	0.021
≥ 65	544	12.3	95	6.4	0.69 (0.56–0.86)	0.001
Comorbidities
Diabetes
No	239	8.5	46	5.0	0.76 (0.55–1.05)	0.093	0.709
Yes	347	8.6	63	4.6	0.74 (0.56–0.96)	0.026
Hyperlipidemia
No	332	9.8	56	5.0	0.64 (0.48–0.85)	0.002	0.191
Yes	254	7.3	53	4.5	0.91 (0.67–1.22)	0.525
Hypertension
No	74	5.6	14	2.9	0.63 (0.35–1.11)	0.110	0.492
Yes	512	9.2	95	5.3	0.77 (0.62–0.96)	0.022
Depression
No	477	8.1	89	4.5	0.75 (0.60–0.94)	0.012	0.876
Yes	109	11.3	20	6.8	0.76 (0.47–1.22)	0.252
Ischemic heart disease
No	490	8.1	98	5.0	0.81 (0.65–1.00)	0.055	0.125
Yes	96	11.5	11	3.6	0.44 (0.24–0.83)	0.011
Cerebral vascular disease
No	382	7.0	89	4.9	1.01 (0.80–1.28)	0.932	<0.001
Yes	204	14.4	20	4.2	0.34 (0.21–0.54)	<0.001
Medication
Anticoagulant agents
No	565	8.4	106	4.7	0.76 (0.62–0.94)	0.010	0.576
Yes	21	18.3	3	6.7	0.31 (0.09–1.12)	0.074
Antiplatetet agents
No	465	8.3	87	4.7	0.77 (0.61–0.97)	0.026	0.528
Yes	121	9.8	22	5.0	0.66 (0.42–1.04)	0.073
Antidiabetic agents
No	323	8.8	63	5.1	0.75 (0.57–0.99)	0.040	0.742
Yes	263	8.3	46	4.4	0.74 (0.54–1.02)	0.063
Antihypertension agents
No	145	7.3	23	3.3	0.57 (0.36–0.88)	0.012	0.253
Yes	441	9.1	86	5.4	0.82 (0.65–1.04)	0.094
Statin
No	482	9.0	88	5.0	0.93 (0.58–0.92)	0.007	0.798
Yes	104	6.8	21	3.9	0.86 (0.54–1.39)	0.544

Adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, and history of medication. Values in bold are significant. HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval