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. 2017 Jul 13;7:5268. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05652-y

Table 1.

Single-cell patch-clamp studies comparing the control differentiation protocol to the atrial protocol which employed retinoic acid.

N (cells) dV/dtmax (V/s) DMP (mV) APA (mV) APD30 (ms) APD90 (ms)
Control Differentiation protocol 15 62 ± 9 −53 ± 2 102 ± 5 327 ± 98 520 ± 120
Atrial Differentiation protocol 15 63 ± 13 −56 ± 2 80 ± 5** 37 ± 11** 247 ± 37*

Most notable, and consistent with the adult phenotype, cardiomyocytes generated from the atrial differentiation protocol had dramatically shorter repolarization times. Cardiomyocytes generated from both protocols display features of immaturity as discussed in the text. dV/dtmax = Maximum action potential upstroke velocity, DMP = Diastolic membrane potential, APA = Action potential amplitude, APD30 = Action potential duration at 30% of repolarization, APD90 = Action potential duration at 90% of repolarization. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.