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. 2017 Jul 13;7:5277. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05440-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Combined ancestral and adulthood stress induce an anxiety-like state. (A–H) Dispersion of stops and paths made by rats in open and closed arms of the elevated plus maze shows different profiles of anxiety and motivation. (G & H) The MS + S-SI and MS + S-SI + T groups displayed higher anxiety and less motivation to explore the open arms than other groups. (I & J) MS + S-SI and MS + S-SI + T groups spent longer times in closed arms compared to other groups and compared to pre-stress session. They also explored the task with lower speed (K & L) associated with shorter path length (M) and more stop times (N) compared to other experimental groups. Asterisks indicate significant differences: *p ≤ 0.05; One-Way ANOVA. Error bars show ± SEM.