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. 2017 Jul 13;7:5329. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04326-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Reduced I⁻ intake impairs TH biosynthesis in NIS KO mice. (a,b) Serum T₄ and T₃ levels of male WT and NIS KO mice fed a MID. The horizontal line indicates the detection limit of the T₄ and T₃ ELISA kits. (c) Serum TSH levels of male WT and NIS KO mice fed a MID (n = 5). (d) Thyroid mRNA expression levels of genes involved in TH biosynthesis (n = 7–8). (e) Thyroid mRNA expression levels of apical thyroid proteins. Each group contained 4–5 males and 3 females fed a MID. No sex differences were observed. (f) Liver Dio1 mRNA expression levels in males (n = 7–8). Slc5a5 encodes NIS, Tshr = thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, Tpo = thyroid peroxidase, Dehal = iodotyrosine deiodinase, Tg = thyroglobulin, Duox 1 and 2 = Dual oxidase 1 and 2, Clc5 = chloride voltage-gated channel 5, Cftr = cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, Slc26a4 encodes pendrin, Slc5a8 encodes SMCT, Slc16a2 = solute carrier family 16 member 2, and Dio1 = iodothyronine deiodinase 1. *Indicates p < 0.05, ^# p < 0.01.