Table 2.
Molecular characteristics and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profile of MRSA isolated from farmworkers, pigs, and environment.
| No | Resistance genes | enterotoxin genes | IEC | PVL | Phenotypic antimicrobial Resistance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human Isolates (31 isolates) | |||||
| ST398-V (5 isolates) | |||||
| HT19 | blaZ, ermC, tetK, tetM, norA | − | − | − | BLA, TET, ERY, CLI |
| H20 | dfrG, blaZ, ermC, vgaA, tetK, tetM, fexA, norA, lnuB, aadE | − | − | − | BLA, TET, ERY, CHL, CLI, QDA |
| H21 | blaZ, ermC, tetK, tetM, norA | − | − | − | BLA, TET, ERY, CLI |
| H23 | ermC, tetK, tetM, norA | − | − | − | BLA, TET, ERY, CLI |
| HW-31 | aadD, blaZ, norA, vgaA, lnuB, cfr, fexA, tetK, tetM, dfrG | − | − | − | BLA, TET, CHL, LNZ, CLI |
| ST93-IV (26 isolates) | |||||
| HT3 | blaZ, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | + | − | BLA, CHL |
| H2 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| H3 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | + | + | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| H4 | tetL, blaZ, ermC, aadD, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, TET, ERY, NEO, CHL, CLI |
| HT13 | blaZ, ermC, aadD, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | + | − | BLA, TET, ERY, NEO, CHL, CLI |
| H6 | blaZ, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | − | − | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| H7 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| H8 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| H9 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| H11 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | − | − | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| HW-2 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | + | + | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| H13 | blaZ, ermC, tetL, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, TET, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| H14 | blaZ, ermC, tetK, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, TET, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| H15 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA, tetL | ORFCM14 | + | + | BLA, TET, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| H16 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| H17 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | seg, egc ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| H18 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | − | − | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| H19 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | − | − | BLA, CHL |
| HW-15 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | + | − | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| H24 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, fosB, norA, tetL | seg, egc ORFCM14 | + | + | BLA, TET, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| H25 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | − | − | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| H26 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | + | − | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| H27 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| H29 | ermC, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | + | + | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| HW-24 | blaZ, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | + | + | BLA, CHL |
| H31 | blaZ, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | + | − | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| Pig Isolates (31 isolates) | |||||
| ST30-V(1 isolate) | |||||
| W1Bb-25 | blaZ, norA, vgaA, tetL, tetK | seg, sei, sem, sen, seo, seu, egc | − | − | BLA, TET |
| ST398-V (15 isolates) | |||||
| PTDrAP2 | aadD, blaZ, norA, vgaA, ermC, lnuB, cfr, fexA, tetK, tetM, dfrG | − | − | − | BLA, TET, ERY, CHL, CLI, QDA |
| PTWeP5 | aadE, blaZ, norA, ermC, tetM, tetK, tetL | sed | − | − | BLA, TET, ERY, NEO, CLI |
| PTGrBP1 | aadE, norA, lnuB, cfr, vgaA, ermC, fexA, tetM, tetK, dfrG | − | − | − | BLA, TET, ERY, CHL, CLI, QDA |
| W1FPa-4 | blaZ, norA, ermC, tetK, tetM | − | − | − | BLA, TET |
| W1FSb-2 | blaZ, norA, tetK, tetM | sed | − | − | BLA, TET |
| W1FPB-20 | aadE, blaZ, norA, ermC, lnuB, vgaA, fexA, tetK, tetM, dfrG | − | − | − | BLA, TET, ERY, CHL, CLI, QDA |
| W1Gr-12 | blaZ, norA, ermC, tetK, tetM | sed | − | − | BLA, TET, ERY, CLI |
| WweU-9 | aadE, blaZ, norA, ermC, lnuB, vgaA, fexA, tetK, tetM, dfrG | − | − | − | BLA, TET, CHL |
| P216 | ermC, vgaA, tetK, tetM, fexA, norA, aadE, dfrG, lnuB | − | − | − | BLA, TET, ERY, CHL, CLI, QDA |
| P221 | blaZ, ermC, tetK, tetM, norA | − | − | − | BLA, TET, ERY, CLI |
| P223 | blaZ, ermC, tetK, tetM, norA | sea | − | − | BLA, TET, ERY, CLI |
| P236 | tetK, tetM, norA | sea | − | − | BLA, TET, ERY, CLI |
| P244 | blaZ, ermC, vgaA, tetK, tetM, fexA, norA, aadE, dfrG, lnuB | − | − | − | BLA, TET, ERY, CHL, CLI, QDA |
| P257 | blaZ, ermC, vgaA, tetK, tetM, fexA, norA, aadE, dfrG, lnuB | tst1 | − | − | BLA, TET, ERY, CHL, CLI, QDA |
| P330 | blaZ, ermC, tetK, tetM, norA | − | − | − | BLA, TET, ERY, CLI |
| ST93-IV (14 isolates) | |||||
| PTDrAP4 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | − | − | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| PTDrBP4 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, CHL |
| PTPgP1 | blaZ, norA, fexA | sed, seg ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, CHL, CLI |
| PTGrAP5 | blaZ, norA, ermC, fexA | ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, CHL |
| PTF1P3 | blaZ, ermC, norA, fexA | sed, seh, ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| W1Bb-4 | blaZ, norA, ermC, fexA | sed, seg, ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| W1FPb-22 | blaZ, norA, fexA | ORFCM14 | − | − | BLA, CHL |
| W1Gr-24 | blaZ, norA, ermC, fexA, tetL | sed, ORFCM14 | + | + | BLA, TET, CHL, CLI |
| W1Fi-5 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, TET, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| W1Fi-9 | blaZ, norA, fexA, tetL | sed, ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, TET, CHL |
| WWeU-6 | ermC, fexA, tetL | ORFCM14 | + | + | BLA, TET, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| P271 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | tst1, ORFCM14 | + | − | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| P306 | blaZ, ermC, tetL, fexA, norA | ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, TET, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| P325 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | seg, egc ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| ST93-V (1 isolate) | |||||
| W1Dr-3 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | seg, ORFCM14 | − | + | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| Environmental Isolates (6 isolates) | |||||
| ST93-IV (4 isolates) | |||||
| ETDrA | blaZ, ermC, fexA | sed, ORF CM14 | − | − | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| E008 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, norA | ORF CM14 | − | + | BLA, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| E017 | blaZ, fexA, norA | ORF CM14 | − | − | BLA, CHL, |
| E021 | blaZ, ermC, fexA, tetL, norA | seg, egc ORF CM14 | − | + | BLA, TET, ERY, CHL, CLI |
| ST398-V (2 isolates) | |||||
| E026 | aadE, ermC, vga(A), tet(M), fexA, norA | − | − | BLA, TET, ERY, CHL, CLI, QDA | |
| ETWeP | blaZ, ermC, tetK, tetM, norA | sed | − | − | BLA, TET, ERY, CLI |
BLA (β-lactam), CHL (chloramphenicol), CLI (clindamycin), ERY (erythromycin), LNZ (linezolid), NEO (neomycin), QDA (quinupristin-dalfopristin), TET (tetracycline).