Table 3.
Hazard ratios of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in relation to individual lifestyle factors, the Shanghai Men’s Health Study (2002–2013, n = 59,747).
| Lifestyle factor | Total (n = 4952 deaths) | CVD (n = 1637 deaths) | Cancer (n = 2122 deaths) | Adjusted PAR for total mortality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort N | Deaths | HR (95%CI) | Deaths | HR (95% CI) | Deaths | HR (95% CI) | PAR (95% CI) | |
| Smoke | ||||||||
| 0 | 20,231 | 1,902 | 1.00 (reference) | 684 | 1.00 (reference) | 697 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.19 (0.15, 0.23) |
| 1 | 39,516 | 3,050 | 1.39 (1.30, 1.47) | 953 | 1.35 (1.21, 1.50) | 1,425 | 1.63 (1.48, 1.80) | |
| Alcohol use | ||||||||
| 0 | 51,793 | 4,119 | 1.00 (reference) | 1,376 | 1.00 (reference) | 1,730 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.05 (0.03, 0.06) |
| 1 | 7,954 | 833 | 1.30 (1.20, 1.40) | 261 | 1.24 (1.08, 1.42) | 392 | 1.41 (1.26, 1.58) | |
| Dietary behavior | ||||||||
| 0 | 35,849 | 2,565 | 1.00 (reference) | 838 | 1.00 (reference) | 1,131 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.11 (0.08, 0.15) |
| 1 | 23898 | 2,387 | 1.25 (1.18, 1.33) | 799 | 1.32 (1.20, 1.46) | 991 | 1.16 (1.06, 1.27) | |
| Physical inactivity | ||||||||
| 0 | 10124 | 1,320 | 1.00 (reference) | 459 | 1.00 (reference) | 542 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.13 (0.09, 0.18) |
| 1 | 49623 | 3,632 | 1.20 (1.12, 1.28) | 1,178 | 1.24 (1.11, 1.39) | 1,580 | 1.14 (1.02, 1.26) | |
N: number;
HR: adjusted for age group, education, income per person, occupation, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and stroke and other individual lifestyle factor;
CI: confidence interval;
PAR: population attributable risk;
0: Not at risk;
1: At risk.