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. 2017 Jul 14;9:222. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00222

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Copyright © 2017 Rudyk, McNeill, Prowse, Dwyer, Farmer, Litteljohn, Caldwell and Hayley.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Dose-dependent effects of short term paraquat administration on plasma corticosterone and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels. As shown in (A), the higher paraquat dose (PQ High; 10 mg/kg) relative to the lower dose (PQ Low; 1 mg/kg) significantly increased plasma corticosterone levels. At the same time, paraquat did not increase levels of the active form of GR (pGR; B), but the higher toxicant dose did increase levels of pGR relative to GR (C). However, given that the higher paraquat dose decreased levels of total GR (D) within the hippocampus, pGR levels were unaltered by the toxicant. *p < 0.05, relative to saline and low dose paraquat treated mice.