Table 3.

What women believe caregivers could have done to prevent the traumatic birth experience in descending order of frequency and stratified by parity. Participants could choose and rank multiple answers, with a maximum of three

Answer given	n	%	Primiparous	Multiparous	p value
Communicate/explain	718	39.1%	587 (40.2%)	126 (33.2%)	0.01 *
Listen to me (more)	678	36.9%	515 (35.3%)	160 (42.2%)	0.01 *
Support me (more/better) emotionally/practically	547	29.8%	445 (30.5%)	97 (25.6%)	0.06
Do certain actions/interventions sooner	454	24.7%	367 (25.1%)	86 (22.7%)	0.33
Discuss expectations/birth plan	311	16.9%	271 (18.6%)	39 (10.3%)	0.00 *
Do certain actions/interventions later/not at all	286	15.6%	242 (16.6%)	43 (11.3%)	0.01 *
Don’t do anything without my permission	252	13.7%	207 (14.2%)	44 (11.6%)	0.19
Nothing	228	12.4%	164 (11.2%)	61 (16.1%)	0.01 *
Remain calm	228	12.4%	175 (12.0%)	53 (14.0%)	0.29
Other	54	2.9%	22 (3.2%)	7 (3.9%)	0.63

^*Significant at p ≤ 0.05