Table 1.

Overview of case histories and clinical trials demonstrating the benefits of exogenous surfactant therapy in children/infants/babies with acute respiratory failure or acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

(adapted from Raghavendran [25])

Study	Patients (N)	Disease or syndrome	Surfactant	Outcomes
Fettah et al. [48]	Baby (1)	ARDS secondary to near drowning	Curosurf®	Rapid and persistent improvement after 2 doses of Curosurf® (100 mg/kg body weight, 1.25 ml/kg)
Willson et al. [45]	Children (110 enrolled)	ARDS	Infasurf®	No immediate improvement in oxygenation: study stopped at sponsor’s request
Willson et al. [34]	Children (152)	ARDS from multiple causes	Infasurf®	Improved oxygenation and ventilation
Moller et al [38]	Children (35)	ARDS, multiple causes	Alveofact®	Improved oxygenation
Hermon et al. [36]	Children (19)	ARDS + post-op cardiac	Curosurf® or Alveofact®	Improved oxygenation
Herting et al. [37]	Children (8)	Pneumonia	Curosurf®	Improved oxygenation
Luchetti et al. [44, 46]	Infants (20 and 40)	RSV bronchiolitis	Curosurf®	Improved oxygenation
Tibby et al. [47]	Infants (19)	Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis	Survanta®	More rapid improvement in oxygenation and ventilation indices over the first 60 h of ventilation
Lopez-Herce et al. [35]	Children (20)	ARDS + post-op cardiac	Curosurf®	Improved oxygenation
Willson et al [32, 33]	Children (29 and 42)	ARDS from multiple causes	Infasurf®	Improved oxygenation
Findlay et al. [43]	Infants (40)	Meconium aspiration	Survanta®	Improved oxygenation decreased pneumothorax and mechanical ventilation
Lotze et al. [40, 41]	Infants (28 and 328)	ECMO, multiple indications	Survanta®	Improved oxygenation, decreased ECMO
Khammash et al. [42]	Infants (20)	Meconium aspiration syndrome	bLES®	Improved oxygenation in 75% of patients