Fig. 1. The latency of Morris water maze (A) and passive avoidance tests (B) in the vehicle, scopolamine (SCO), SCO+vanillin, and SCO+4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4-HBA) groups (n=7 per group in each test; ^*P<0.05, significantly different from the vehicle group, ^#P<0.05, significantly different from the SCO group). The bars indicate the means±SEM.